WxEM Wave 3

This report describes the results of a regularly distributed survey of nationwide Emergency Managers as part of The Extreme Weather and Emergency Management Survey (WxEM) series. This project aims to send surveys to Emergency Managers across the United States three to four times a year, although that frequency may change based on Emergency Manager and research needs. The Extreme Weather and Emergency Management Survey, Wave 3 (WxEM Wave 3) was designed by the Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (IPPRA) at the University of Oklahoma and collaborators from Texas Tech University. It was administered by IPPRA. It is the third survey in the series (see Stormer et al. 2023 and Wanless et al. 2023 for information on WxEM Wave 1 and Wave 2). WxEM Wave 3 opened on June 1, 2023, using an online questionnaire that as of this writing has been completed by 322 Emergency Management personnel that were recruited from an IPPRA built database of Emergency Managers from across the country (see Stormer et al. 2023 and Wanless et al. 2023b for more info on recruitment). WxEM Wave 3 follows WxEM Wave 1, which was designed to recruit and gather demographic information on participants and WxEM Wave 2, which focuses on how Emergency Managers use severe weather forecast information. Wave 3 focuses on hazardous weather events that happen in the same place at the same time, called compound hazards. Wave 3 measured Emergency Manager perception of and experience with compound hazards and how such events are communicated and planned for. Additionally, Wave 3 addressed Emergency Manager perception of vulnerability and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Emergency Management. This report presents an overview of the methodology of the survey data collection, and a reproduction of the survey instrument with frequencies for the questions that elicited numeric responses. The University of Oklahoma provided funding for all data collection. NOAA’s Weather Program Office provided funding for survey design and data analysis.

本报告阐述了全美应急管理人员定期调研的成果，该调研属于极端天气与应急管理调研（Extreme Weather and Emergency Management Survey, 缩写WxEM）系列项目之一。本项目计划每年向全美应急管理人员发放3至4次调研问卷，具体发放频率可根据应急管理人员需求与研究需要进行调整。本次发布的极端天气与应急管理调研第三期（WxEM Wave 3）由俄克拉荷马大学公共政策研究与分析研究所（Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, 缩写IPPRA）与得克萨斯理工大学的合作团队共同设计，并由IPPRA负责调研实施。本调研是该系列的第三项研究，有关WxEM第一期与第二期的详细信息可参考Stormer等人（2023）以及Wanless等人（2023）的研究成果。WxEM第三期调研于2023年6月1日正式启动，采用线上问卷形式开展。截至本报告撰写时，已有322名应急管理人员完成问卷填写，这些受访者均来自IPPRA搭建的全国应急管理人员数据库（有关招募细节可参考Stormer等人2023年与Wanless等人2023b年的研究）。WxEM第三期调研承接前两期：第一期调研旨在招募受访者并收集其人口统计学信息，第二期调研则聚焦于应急管理人员如何利用强天气预报信息开展工作。第三期调研的核心主题为复合灾害（compound hazards），即同一地点同一时间发生的复合型极端天气事件。本次调研旨在了解应急管理人员对复合灾害的认知与应对经验，以及相关事件的信息传播与预案筹备情况。此外，第三期调研还涵盖了应急管理人员对灾害脆弱性的认知，以及新冠疫情对应急管理工作的影响等内容。本报告对调研数据收集的方法论进行了概述，并完整复刻了调研问卷，同时列出了所有量化问题的应答频次分布。俄克拉荷马大学为本次全部数据收集工作提供了经费支持，美国国家海洋和大气管理局（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 缩写NOAA）天气项目办公室则为调研设计与数据分析提供了经费资助。