Multinational Time Budget Study, 1960

In 1964, the European Coordination Centre for Research Documentation in the Social Sciences in Vienna sponsored a project to collect cross-national comparative time-use information under the direction of Alexander Szalai. This project led to a collective effort by social scientists in 12 countries (Soviet Union, United States, Federal Republic of Germany, German Democratic Republic, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia, Belgium, France, and Peru) to study the daily activities of urban and suburban populations around the world. These data provide information about who does what, when, where, and in whose company during the 24 hours of the day; how much time is spent sleeping, commuting, doing paid and unpaid work, watching TV or reading books, listening to music or making conversation, participating in civic activities or pursuing some hobby; how the patterns of everyday life change on weekends; how they vary depending on age, sex, size of family, and socioeconomic status; and how general political, economic, and cultural conditions affect the use of time. Researchers from each country were responsible for obtaining funding and collecting data in their chosen city (or cities). All data about daily activities of the respondents were elicited by interview and/or self-recorded diary. In addition to data about daily activities, the interviewer also recorded a considerable amount of background information on the respondents, including age, sex, education, job, and status. A two-step sampling procedure was used in which (1) the household as a unit was randomly selected, and (2) an individual within the household was chosen. A minimum of 2,000 persons per site was prescribed. Interviews and diaries were coded by the researchers in each country. The Murray Research Archive holds numeric file data and codebooks from this study.1964年，维也纳欧洲社会科学研究文献协调中心（European Coordination Centre for Research Documentation in the Social Sciences）在亚历山大·萨拉伊（Alexander Szalai）的主持下发起一项研究项目，旨在收集跨国比较的时间使用数据。该项目汇聚了12个国家的社会科学研究者共同开展协作，涵盖苏联、美国、德意志联邦共和国、德意志民主共和国、保加利亚、捷克斯洛伐克、匈牙利、波兰、南斯拉夫、比利时、法国及秘鲁，用于探究全球城市与郊区人口的日常活动模式。 本数据集涵盖了受访者在24小时内的全维度活动信息：包括何人、何事、何时、何地以及与何人相伴开展活动；各类活动的耗时情况，如睡眠、通勤、有偿与无偿劳动、看电视或读书、听音乐或交谈、参与公民活动或培养个人爱好等；日常作息模式在周末的变化规律；这些模式如何随年龄、性别、家庭规模及社会经济地位产生差异；以及整体政治、经济与文化环境对时间分配的影响。 各国研究人员负责为本国选定的一座或多座城市的调研筹措经费并完成数据收集工作。所有受访者的日常活动数据均通过访谈法和/或自行填写的活动日志采集得到。除日常活动信息外，访谈人员还会记录受访者的大量背景资料，包括年龄、性别、教育程度、职业与社会经济地位。本次调研采用两步抽样流程：首先以家庭为单位进行随机抽样，随后从抽中的家庭中选取一名个体作为受访对象。该研究规定每个调研点的最小样本量为2000人。各国研究人员需自行完成访谈记录与活动日志的编码工作。本研究的数值文件数据与编码手册现由默里研究档案馆（Murray Research Archive）收藏。