Data_Sheet_1_Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Problems Among Caregivers of People Living With Neurocognitive Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic.PDF

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems among caregivers of persons living with neurocognitive disorders (PLWND) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and investigate whether the COVID-19-related experiences were associated with the presence of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems.
Methods: From March 1 to 31, 2020, 160 caregivers of PLWND participated in an online cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was administered to measure anxiety symptoms, and the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Questions on sleep duration and sleep quality enquired about sleep problems. Six items were used to explore the COVID-19-related experiences, including community-level infection contact and the level of exposure to media information. We computed the prevalence rate of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate factors associated with these mental health problems.
Results: The prevalence rate of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems were 46.9%, 36.3%, and 9.4%. Approximately 55 participants (34.4%) presented with two or more mental health problems. Women had a higher risk of developing anxiety symptoms (OR, 5.284; 95% CI, 2.068–13.503; p = 0.001). Having a mental disorder (OR, 5.104; 95% CI, 1.522–17.114; p = 0.008) was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms. Caregivers who preferred to access positive information (OR, 0.215; 95% CI, 0.058–0.793; p = 0.021) was associated with decreased risk of sleep problems.
Conclusion: Anxiety and depressive symptoms were common among caregivers of older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Being female was an independent risk factor for experiencing anxiety symptoms. Preexisting mental disorders increased the risk of depressive symptoms among caregivers, while caregivers who prefer to access positive media information decreased sleep problems.

研究目的：估算中国新冠疫情（COVID-19 pandemic）期间，神经认知障碍患者（persons living with neurocognitive disorders, PLWND）的照护者所面临的焦虑、抑郁及睡眠问题患病率，并探究与新冠疫情相关的经历是否与上述焦虑、抑郁及睡眠问题的发生存在关联。
研究方法：2020年3月1日至31日，共有160名PLWND照护者参与了一项关于焦虑、抑郁及睡眠问题患病率的线上横断面调查。采用7项广义焦虑障碍量表（Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, GAD-7）评估焦虑症状，使用2项患者健康问卷（Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-2）测评抑郁症状。通过睡眠时长与睡眠质量相关问题调研睡眠问题。设置6个条目以探究与新冠疫情相关的经历，包括社区感染接触情况及媒体信息接触程度。本研究计算了焦虑、抑郁症状及睡眠问题的患病率，并采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析，以探究与上述心理健康问题相关的影响因素。
研究结果：焦虑、抑郁症状及睡眠问题的患病率分别为46.9%、36.3%及9.4%。约55名参与者（占比34.4%）存在2种及以上的心理健康问题。女性群体出现焦虑症状的风险更高（优势比[OR]=5.284，95%置信区间[CI]=2.068~13.503，p=0.001）。既往存在精神障碍与抑郁症状风险升高显著相关（OR=5.104，95%CI=1.522~17.114，p=0.008）。倾向于接触积极媒体信息的照护者，其出现睡眠问题的风险显著降低（OR=0.215，95%CI=0.058~0.793，p=0.021）。
研究结论：新冠疫情期间，痴呆或轻度认知障碍老年患者的照护者中，焦虑与抑郁症状较为普遍。女性是焦虑症状发生的独立危险因素。照护者既往存在的精神障碍会增加抑郁症状的发生风险，而倾向于接触积极媒体信息的照护者则可降低睡眠问题的发生概率。