Occurrence of blood feeding terrestrial leeches in a degraded forest ecosystem

Description:
This dataset includes the abundance of two species of terrestrial leech collected at multiple sites at the SAFE project in Sabah, Malaysia. Leech collections took place over two seasons, one in the dry season of 2015 and one in the wet season of 2016. For each of the sites, four repeated visits took place and 20 minute searches were conducted within the boundaries of 25 m2 vegetation plots. As these sites have been subjected to differennt degrees of current and historic degradation, the vegetation structure data is also included for each site. For a subset of the leech sites there is corresponding mammal detection data from camera traps across the landscape, which is also included in this dataset.
Project: This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: The effects of rainforest fragmentation on mammal community assemblages using leech blood-meal analysis
Funding: These data were collected as part of research funded by:

NERC (Standard grant , NE/K016148/1)
This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.

XML metadata: GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available here
Files: This consists of 1 file: Drinkwater2019_leech_occurrence.v2.xlsx
Drinkwater2019_leech_occurrence.v2.xlsx
This file contains dataset metadata and 4 data tables:

Leech abundance and survey-covariates 2015 (described in worksheet abundance2015)
Description: This dataset has the abundance of all the leech individuals of both species collected during surveys in 2015 between February and June. The number of leech collected is split by species of leech and each of the four visits per site. For each survey at a site the associated survey-specific covariates are included. These are the associated effort (number of people collecting the leeches) and the date the visits happened (julian day since the beginning of the year).
Number of fields: 17
Number of data rows: 169
Fields:

site: SAFE second order point (Field type: location)
visit_B1: Number of brown leeches collected during first visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_B2: Number of brown leeches collected during second visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_B3: Number of brown leeches collected during third visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_B4: Number of brown leeches collected during fourth visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_T1: Number of tiger leeches collected during first visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_T2: Number of tiger leeches collected during second visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_T3: Number of tiger leeches collected during third visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_T4: Number of tiger leeches collected during fourth visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
eff_1: Number of people collecting leeches per survey as a measure of survey effort for the first visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
eff_2: Number of people collecting leeches per survey as a measure of survey effort for the second visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
eff_3: Number of people collecting leeches per survey as a measure of survey effort for the third visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
eff_4: Number of people collecting leeches per survey as a measure of survey effort for the fourth visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
date.1: Julian date of visit 1 (Field type: numeric)
date.2: Julian date of visit 2 (Field type: numeric)
date.3: Julian date of visit 3 (Field type: numeric)
date.4: Julian date of visit 4 (Field type: numeric)

Leech abundance and survey-covariates 2016 (described in worksheet abundance2016)
Description: This dataset has the abundance of all the leech individuals of both species collected during surveys in 2016 between September and December. The number of leech collected is split by species of leech and each of the four visits per site. For each survey at a site the associated survey-specific covariates are included. These are the associated effort (number of people collecting the leeches) and the date the visits happened (julian day since the beginning of the year).
Number of fields: 17
Number of data rows: 169
Fields:

site: SAFE second order point (Field type: location)
visit_B1: Number of brown leeches collected during first visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_B2: Number of brown leeches collected during second visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_B3: Number of brown leeches collected during third visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_B4: Number of brown leeches collected during fourth visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_T1: Number of tiger leeches collected during first visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_T2: Number of tiger leeches collected during second visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_T3: Number of tiger leeches collected during third visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
visit_T4: Number of tiger leeches collected during fourth visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
eff_1: Number of people collecting leeches per survey as a measure of survey effort for the first visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
eff_2: Number of people collecting leeches per survey as a measure of survey effort for the second visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
eff_3: Number of people collecting leeches per survey as a measure of survey effort for the third visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
eff_4: Number of people collecting leeches per survey as a measure of survey effort for the fourth visit to each site (Field type: abundance)
date.1: Julian date of visit 1 (Field type: numeric)
date.2: Julian date of visit 2 (Field type: numeric)
date.3: Julian date of visit 3 (Field type: numeric)
date.4: Julian date of visit 4 (Field type: numeric)

Site specific covariates (described in worksheet covariates)
Description: Vegetation structure data associated with each site for which leech surveys were conducted. The metrics include canopy height, moran's I and plant-area-index. These data were extracted from LiDAR data with a 50 m2 buffer around the centroid for each site.
Number of fields: 6
Number of data rows: 169
Fields:

site: SAFE second order point code (Field type: location)
tch: Top of canopy height per site (Field type: numeric)
canopy_height_moran: Habitat heterogeneity - Morans I - per site (Field type: numeric)
canopy_height_sd: Standard deviation of canopy height (Field type: numeric)
pai_mean: Mean plant area index at site (Field type: numeric)
pai_sd: Plant area index standard deviation (Field type: numeric)

Mammal detections (described in worksheet mammals)
Description: This dataset contains the mammal detections recorded from camera traps at a subset of the leech survey locations. Sampling effort is also included as a measure of survey effort.
Number of fields: 27
Number of data rows: 83
Fields:

Camera: Name of camera (Field type: location)
CTNs: Measure of trapping effort - number of nights the cameras were operational (Field type: numeric)
Asian Elephant: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Banded Civet: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Banteng: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Bearded Pig: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Bornean Yellow Muntjac: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Common Palm Civet: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Greater Mouse-deer: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Leopard Cat: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Lesser Mouse-deer: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Long-tailed Macaque: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Long-tailed Porcupine: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Malay Civet: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Malay Porcupine: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Marbled Cat: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Masked Palm Civet: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Moonrat: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Mousedeer sp.: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Muntjac sp.: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Orangutan: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Pig-tailed Macaque: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Red Muntjac: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Sambar Deer: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Sun Bear: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Sunda Pangolin: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Thick-spined Porcupine: Count of detections for this taxon (Field type: abundance)
Date range: 2015-02-01 to 2016-12-31
Latitudinal extent: 4.5000 to 5.0700
Longitudinal extent: 116.7500 to 117.8200
Taxonomic coverage: All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.
 -  Animalia  -  -  Chordata  -  -  -  Mammalia  -  -  -  -  Rodentia  -  -  -  -  -  Hystricidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Hystrix  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Hystrix brachyura  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Hystrix crassispinis  -  -  -  -  -  -  Trichys  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Trichys fasciculata  -  -  -  -  Proboscidea  -  -  -  -  -  Elephantidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Elephas  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Elephas maximus  -  -  -  -  Carnivora  -  -  -  -  -  Viverridae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Viverra  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Viverra tangalunga  -  -  -  -  -  -  Paguma  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Paguma larvata  -  -  -  -  -  -  Paradoxurus  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Paradoxurus hermaphroditus  -  -  -  -  -  -  Hemigalus  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Hemigalus derbyanus  -  -  -  -  -  Felidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Pardofelis  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Pardofelis marmorata  -  -  -  -  -  -  Prionailurus  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Prionailurus bengalensis  -  -  -  -  -  Ursidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Helarctos  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Helarctos malayanus  -  -  -  -  Primates  -  -  -  -  -  Cercopithecidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Macaca  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Macaca fascicularis  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Macaca nemestrina  -  -  -  -  -  Hominidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Pongo  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Pongo pygmaeus  -  -  -  -  -  -  Homo  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Homo sapiens  -  -  -  -  Pholidota  -  -  -  -  -  Manidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Manis  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Manis javanica  -  -  -  -  Erinaceomorpha  -  -  -  -  -  Erinaceidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Echinosorex  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Echinosorex gymnura  -  -  -  -  Artiodactyla  -  -  -  -  -  Suidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Sus  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Sus barbatus  -  -  -  -  -  Bovidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Bos  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Bos javanicus  -  -  -  -  -  Tragulidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Tragulus  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Tragulus napu  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Tragulus kanchil  -  -  -  -  -  Cervidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Muntiacus  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Muntiacus atherodes  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Muntiacus muntjak  -  -  -  -  -  -  Rusa  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Rusa unicolor  -  -  Annelida  -  -  -  Clitellata  -  -  -  -  Arhynchobdellida  -  -  -  -  -  Haemadipsidae  -  -  -  -  -  -  Haemadipsa  -  -  -  -  -  -  Haemadipsa  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Haemadipsa picta

本数据集收录了马来西亚沙巴州SAFE项目（SAFE project）多个样点采集的2种陆生蛭的丰度数据。蛭类样本采集分为两个时段：2015年旱季与2016年雨季。每个样点均进行4次重复采样，在25平方米的植被样地范围内开展20分钟的搜索采样。鉴于各研究样点当前与历史时期均受到不同程度的干扰退化，本数据集同时包含每个样点的植被结构数据。此外，针对部分蛭类采样样点，本数据集还收录了对应区域由红外相机监测得到的哺乳动物检测数据。

### 项目背景
本数据集隶属于以下SAFE研究项目：利用蛭类血餐分析探究雨林破碎化对哺乳动物群落组成的影响

### 资助信息
本数据集的采集工作受以下机构资助：
NERC（英国自然环境研究理事会，Natural Environment Research Council）标准研究基金，编号NE/K016148/1

本数据集采用知识共享署名4.0（CC-BY 4.0）协议发布，要求在所有衍生成果中引用本数据集，同时额外要求在成果中致谢本研究的资助方。

### XML元数据
本数据集符合GEMINI标准的XML元数据可通过此处获取。

### 数据文件
本数据集仅包含1个数据文件：`Drinkwater2019_leech_occurrence.v2.xlsx`
该文件包含数据集元数据与4个数据表：

#### 1. 2015年蛭类丰度与调查协变量（对应工作表`abundance2015`）
**数据说明**：本数据集收录了2015年2月至6月调查期间采集的两种蛭类的全部个体丰度数据。采集的蛭类数量按物种与每个样点的4次采样分别统计。每次调查均附带对应的调查协变量，包括调查采样投入人数（采样effort衡量指标）以及采样发生的日期（以当年起始以来的儒略日（julian day）计）。
**字段数**：17
**数据行数**：169
**字段详情**：
- site：SAFE二阶样点（字段类型：位置）
- visit_B1：各样点首次采样时采集的褐色蛭类数量（字段类型：丰度）
- visit_B2：各样点第二次采样时采集的褐色蛭类数量（字段类型：丰度）
- visit_B3：各样点第三次采样时采集的褐色蛭类数量（字段类型：丰度）
- visit_B4：各样点第四次采样时采集的褐色蛭类数量（字段类型：丰度）
- visit_T1：各样点首次采样时采集的虎纹蛭类数量（字段类型：丰度）
- visit_T2：各样点第二次采样时采集的虎纹蛭类数量（字段类型：丰度）
- visit_T3：各样点第三次采样时采集的虎纹蛭类数量（字段类型：丰度）
- visit_T4：各样点第四次采样时采集的虎纹蛭类数量（字段类型：丰度）
- eff_1：各样点首次采样时的采样投入人数，作为调查采样effort的衡量指标（字段类型：丰度）
- eff_2：各样点第二次采样时的采样投入人数，作为调查采样effort的衡量指标（字段类型：丰度）
- eff_3：各样点第三次采样时的采样投入人数，作为调查采样effort的衡量指标（字段类型：丰度）
- eff_4：各样点第四次采样时的采样投入人数，作为调查采样effort的衡量指标（字段类型：丰度）
- date.1：首次采样的儒略日期（字段类型：数值型）
- date.2：第二次采样的儒略日期（字段类型：数值型）
- date.3：第三次采样的儒略日期（字段类型：数值型）
- date.4：第四次采样的儒略日期（字段类型：数值型）

#### 2. 2016年蛭类丰度与调查协变量（对应工作表`abundance2016`）
**数据说明**：本数据集收录了2016年9月至12月调查期间采集的两种蛭类的全部个体丰度数据。采集的蛭类数量按物种与每个样点的4次采样分别统计。每次调查均附带对应的调查协变量，包括调查采样投入人数以及采样发生的儒略日日期。
**字段数**：17
**数据行数**：169
**字段详情**：与2015年蛭类丰度与调查协变量数据表完全一致。

#### 3. 样点专属协变量（对应工作表`covariates`）
**数据说明**：本数据集包含所有开展过蛭类调查的样点的植被结构数据，指标包括冠层高度、莫兰指数（Moran's I）与植物面积指数（PAI）。这些数据源自激光雷达（LiDAR）数据，提取自每个样点中心点周围50平方米的缓冲区范围。
**字段数**：6
**数据行数**：169
**字段详情**：
- site：SAFE二阶样点编码（字段类型：位置）
- tch：样点冠层顶高度（字段类型：数值型）
- canopy_height_moran：生境异质性——样点冠层高度莫兰指数（字段类型：数值型）
- canopy_height_sd：冠层高度标准差（字段类型：数值型）
- pai_mean：样点平均植物面积指数（字段类型：数值型）
- pai_sd：植物面积指数标准差（字段类型：数值型）

#### 4. 哺乳动物检测数据（对应工作表`mammals`）
**数据说明**：本数据集收录了部分蛭类调查样点中红外相机监测得到的哺乳动物检测记录，同时包含采样effort数据作为调查投入的衡量指标。
**字段数**：27
**数据行数**：83
**字段详情**：
- Camera：相机编号（字段类型：位置）
- CTNs：捕获effort衡量指标——相机连续运行的夜晚数（字段类型：数值型）
- Asian Elephant：亚洲象，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Banded Civet：带纹灵猫，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Banteng：爪哇野牛，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Bearded Pig：须猪，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Bornean Yellow Muntjac：婆罗洲黄麂，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Common Palm Civet：普通棕榈狸，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Greater Mouse-deer：大鼷鹿，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Leopard Cat：豹猫，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Lesser Mouse-deer：小鼷鹿，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Long-tailed Macaque：长尾猕猴，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Long-tailed Porcupine：长尾豪猪，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Malay Civet：马来灵猫，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Malay Porcupine：马来豪猪，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Marbled Cat：云猫，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Masked Palm Civet：椰子狸，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Moonrat：月鼠（马来毛猬），该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Mousedeer sp.：鼷鹿属未定种，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Muntjac sp.：麂属未定种，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Orangutan：婆罗洲猩猩，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Pig-tailed Macaque：豚尾猴，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Red Muntjac：赤麂，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Sambar Deer：水鹿，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Sun Bear：马来熊，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Sunda Pangolin：巽他穿山甲，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）
- Thick-spined Porcupine：厚刺豪猪，该类群的检测次数（字段类型：丰度）

### 数据时空范围
- 日期范围：2015-02-01 至 2016-12-31
- 纬度范围：4.5000 至 5.0700
- 经度范围：116.7500 至 117.8200

### 分类学覆盖
所有类群名称均已通过GBIF核心分类法验证。若数据集使用了异名，则会先标注接受名，再以括号标注数据集使用的异名。无法验证的类群（包括新物种及其他未知类群、形态种、功能群以及GBIF核心分类法未涵盖的分类层级）将以方括号标注。
- 动物界 Animalia
- 脊索动物门 Chordata
- 哺乳纲 Mammalia
- 啮齿目 Rodentia
- 豪猪科 Hystricidae
- 豪猪属 *Hystrix*
- 短尾豪猪 *Hystrix brachyura*
- 厚刺豪猪 *Hystrix crassispinis*
- 笔尾豪猪属 *Trichys*
- 笔尾豪猪 *Trichys fasciculata*
- 长鼻目 Proboscidea
- 象科 Elephantidae
- 象属 *Elephas*
- 亚洲象 *Elephas maximus*
- 食肉目 Carnivora
- 灵猫科 Viverridae
- 灵猫属 *Viverra*
- 大灵猫 *Viverra tangalunga*
- 花面狸属 *Paguma*
- 果子狸 *Paguma larvata*
- 椰子狸属 *Paradoxurus*
- 棕榈狸 *Paradoxurus hermaphroditus*
- 缟灵猫属 *Hemigalus*
- 戴氏缟灵猫 *Hemigalus derbyanus*
- 猫科 Felidae
- 云猫属 *Pardofelis*
- 云猫 *Pardofelis marmorata*
- 豹猫属 *Prionailurus*
- 豹猫 *Prionailurus bengalensis*
- 熊科 Ursidae
- 马来熊属 *Helarctos*
- 马来熊 *Helarctos malayanus*
- 灵长目 Primates
- 猴科 Cercopithecidae
- 猕猴属 *Macaca*
- 食蟹猴 *Macaca fascicularis*
- 豚尾猴 *Macaca nemestrina*
- 人科 Hominidae
- 猩猩属 *Pongo*
- 婆罗洲猩猩 *Pongo pygmaeus*
- 人属 *Homo*
- 智人 *Homo sapiens*
- 鳞甲目 Pholidota
- 穿山甲科 Manidae
- 穿山甲属 *Manis*
- 马来穿山甲 *Manis javanica*
- 食虫目 Erinaceomorpha
- 猬科 Erinaceidae
- 毛猬属 *Echinosorex*
- 马来毛猬 *Echinosorex gymnura*
- 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
- 猪科 Suidae
- 猪属 *Sus*
- 须猪 *Sus barbatus*
- 牛科 Bovidae
- 牛属 *Bos*
- 爪哇野牛 *Bos javanicus*
- 鼷鹿科 Tragulidae
- 鼷鹿属 *Tragulus*
- 大鼷鹿 *Tragulus napu*
- 小鼷鹿 *Tragulus kanchil*
- 鹿科 Cervidae
- 麂属 *Muntiacus*
- 婆罗洲黄麂 *Muntiacus atherodes*
- 赤麂 *Muntiacus muntjak*
- 鹿属 *Rusa*
- 水鹿 *Rusa unicolor*
- 环节动物门 Annelida
- 环带纲 Clitellata
- 无吻蛭目 Arhynchobdellida
- 山蛭科 Haemadipsidae
- 山蛭属 *Haemadipsa*
- 斑纹山蛭 *Haemadipsa picta*