SAGAT Assessment Sample Questions.

With the advent of the era of autonomous driving, designing an effective and appropriate autonomous driving information display is crucial for ensuring driving safety. Head-up Display (HUD) is regarded as a promising way for presenting in-vehicle information in the future. This study conducted a simulation experiment to explore the impacts of three types of autonomous driving information displays on HUD on Situation Awareness (SA) and take-over performance, while considering the complexity of different driving scenarios. The experiment used in this study adopted a Latin square experimental design and employed an integrated eye-tracking technology with self-reporting and the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT). The results show that although young drivers perform better with the Augmented Reality (AR) display in various complex scenarios, particularly in high-complexity scenarios (the fixation duration with AR display was significantly shorter than that with Pseudo-3D (P3D) display; P = 0.012). However, the advantages of the AR display will weaken as the complexity of the scenarios decreases. Additionally, the Surround Recognition (SR) display is more likely to reduce drivers’ SA (the fixation counts on the SR display was significantly higher than that on the P3D and AR displays; P < 0.001) and take-over efficiency (the take-over reaction time for the SR display was significantly longer than that for the AR display; P = 0.09), especially in medium-complexity scenarios. Meanwhile, male participants pay more attention to the autonomous driving information on HUD. Nevertheless, there is no obvious difference between males and females in terms of specific preferences for the types of displays. The results of this study are expected to provide some inspiration for the design of autonomous driving information on HUD.随着自动驾驶时代的来临，设计高效适配的自动驾驶信息显示系统，对保障行车安全至关重要。平视显示器（Head-up Display，HUD）被视作未来车载信息呈现的极具潜力的方案。本研究开展了一项模拟实验，旨在探究车载平视显示器上三类自动驾驶信息显示方式对情景意识（Situation Awareness，SA）与接管性能的影响，并同时考量不同驾驶场景的复杂度。本实验采用拉丁方实验设计，整合了眼动追踪技术、自陈报告法与情景意识全局评估技术（Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique，SAGAT）。实验结果显示，尽管年轻驾驶员在各类复杂场景，尤其是高复杂度场景中，使用增强现实（Augmented Reality，AR）显示方式时表现更优——此时AR显示模式下的注视时长显著短于伪三维（Pseudo-3D，P3D）显示模式（P=0.012），但AR显示的优势会随场景复杂度降低而减弱。此外，环视识别（Surround Recognition，SR）显示方式更易降低驾驶员的情景意识（环视识别显示的注视次数显著高于伪三维与增强现实显示模式，P<0.001）与接管效率（环视识别显示的接管反应时长显著长于增强现实显示模式，P=0.09），该现象在中等复杂度场景中尤为突出。同时，男性参与者会更关注车载平视显示器上的自动驾驶相关信息。不过，不同性别在显示方式的具体偏好上并无显著差异。本研究结果有望为车载平视显示器的自动驾驶信息显示设计提供一定的参考启发。