The top five weighted links of each network.

This paper focuses on the analysis of the effects of inventor networks on country and regional innovation. We use data from an OECD inventor database that spans more than forty years to build collaboration networks in which the network nodes are countries and regions, and linkages are patents produced by inventors from different regions and countries. We first investigate the network that includes all inventors and then analyze the network focusing on women inventors. We argue that both country and regional-level network centrality positively affect country and regional innovation (with stronger effects at the country level), and centrality in collaborations that involve women has an additional positive impact. We also find that women inventors’ share in the pool of inventors is positively associated with innovation quality both at the county and regional levels. Furthermore, our findings indicate that in the network of women inventors, countries and regions that are in cohesive clusters (formed by repeated interactions between interconnected actors) show stronger innovation performance. Our study also highlights important nuances between country-level and region-level effects.本研究聚焦于发明人网络对国家与区域创新的影响分析。本研究采用覆盖四十余年的经济合作与发展组织（OECD）发明人数据库数据，构建合作网络：网络节点为国家与区域，网络联结由来自不同国家及区域的发明人共同完成的专利构成。研究首先对涵盖所有发明人的合作网络展开分析，随后聚焦女性发明人群体构建专属网络开展进一步探究。本研究提出，国家及区域层面的网络中心性均对对应层面的创新产出存在正向促进作用，且该效应在国家层面更为显著；同时，涉及女性发明人的合作网络中心性还可带来额外的正向影响。此外，本研究还发现，发明人群体中女性发明人的占比，与国家及区域层面的创新质量均呈显著正相关关系。进一步而言，研究结果表明，在女性发明人合作网络中，处于由互联主体间重复互动形成的凝聚子群中的国家及区域，其创新表现更为优异。本研究同时揭示了国家层面与区域层面效应间存在的重要细微差异。