Improving Temperature Generator in Parallel Tempering Simulation in the NPT Condition

Parallel tempering (PT) simulations provide a powerful computational tool to accelerate conformational searches of complex molecular systems. In this method, multiple replica systems assigned to different temperatures run in parallel and undergo tandem replica exchange events to enhance conformational mixing in temperature space. Efficient PT simulations require a uniform acceptance ratio across all the replicas. In the context of a previous energy distribution-based temperature generation (TG) scheme, we propose an improved TG protocol to maintain such a uniform exchange probability in general PT simulations.