Farm Business Survey, 1985-1986: Special Licence Access

<p>The <span style="font-style: italic;">Farm Business Survey</span> (FBS) is conducted annually to collect business information from about 2,100 farms in England and Wales. The survey provides information on the financial position and physical and economic performance of farm businesses, to inform policy decisions on matters affecting farm businesses and to enable analysis of the impacts of policy options. It is intended to serve the needs of farmers, farming and land management interest groups, government (both national and European), government partners, and researchers. </p><p>The primary objective of survey results is to contrast the performance or other business characteristics of different groupings of farm, such as between regions or other geographical or environmental designations, farm types, farm size, age or education of farmer, etc. Up to and including the 2001/02 survey, FBS estimates were based on matching the sample between two adjacent years and farm weights. Farm weights were still calculated to present a matched sample however. From the 2002/03 survey onwards, matching between adjacent years was dropped altogether, and weights are now calculated for the full sample. </p><p>The typology used to determine the FBS farm type classification has been revised from 2009 onwards. The FBS typology is now based on standard outputs expressed in euros, with a minimum threshold of 25,000 euro (irrespective of the SLR) for FBS eligibility. Between 2009 and 2011, FBS farm type classification was based on 2007 standard output (SO) coefficients. From 2012, the farm type classification was based on 2010 SO coefficients, and from 2017 the FBS farm type classification was based on 2013 SO coefficients. The coefficients have been revised again for 2023/24 and are based on 2017 coefficients. The change in typology has had an effect on the distribution of farms by farm type and income averages. Further information regarding the change in typology is available on the GOV.UK <a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/farm-business-survey-technical-notes-and-guidance#fbs-documents">FBS documents</a> web page.</p><p>
The <i>Farm Business Survey</i> is available from UKDS under Special Licence access conditions. See the' Access data' section for further details on how to apply for access to the data.<br>
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</p> For the second edition (February 2010), the data and documentation have been updated. This study was previously held in the form of SPSS files generated from a SIR database, which covered two survey years. The depositors have recently undergone a program to compile older data in the FBS series into Access databases, both to improve usability of the older data and compatibility with the later FBS waves, that are already available in Access format. Documentation has also been provided in similar format to current FBS surveys.<br>

《农场商业调查》（Farm Business Survey，FBS）每年开展一次，旨在从英格兰与威尔士地区的约2100家农场中采集经营信息。该调查可提供农场经营体的财务状况、实物绩效与经济绩效相关数据，用于为涉及农场经营体的政策制定提供决策依据，并支持对各类政策方案的影响开展分析。其服务对象涵盖农场主、农业与土地管理利益相关团体、政府（含国家及欧盟层面）、政府合作方以及研究人员。

调查结果的核心目标是对比不同分组农场的绩效及其他经营特征，例如不同地区、其他地理或环境区划、农场类型、农场规模、农场主年龄或受教育程度等。在2001/02年度及更早的调查中，FBS的估算值基于相邻两年的样本匹配与农场权重计算得出，不过当时仍需通过权重计算以呈现匹配后的样本情况。自2002/03年度调查起，完全取消了相邻年度的样本匹配流程，当前权重仅基于完整样本计算。

2009年起，用于确定FBS农场类型分类的分类体系进行了修订。现行FBS分类体系以欧元计价的标准产出（Standard Output, SO）为核心依据，FBS准入门槛设定为最低25000欧元（不考虑SLR相关要求）。2009至2011年间，FBS农场类型分类基于2007年的标准产出系数；2012年起，分类依据更新为2010年的SO系数；2017年起，则采用2013年的SO系数。2023/24年度的系数再次完成修订，以2017年的系数为基础。分类体系的调整对不同农场类型的分布情况及收入均值产生了影响。有关分类体系调整的更多详细信息，可访问GOV.UK网站的《FBS文件》页面：https://www.gov.uk/guidance/farm-business-survey-technical-notes-and-guidance#fbs-documents。

《农场商业调查》数据集需通过英国数据服务中心（UK Data Service, UKDS）的特殊许可获取访问权限。有关申请数据访问的具体细节，请参阅“获取数据”章节。

2010年2月发布的第二版对该数据集及配套文档进行了更新。本研究最初以SIR数据库生成的SPSS文件形式存储，涵盖两个调查年度的数据。近期数据存档方开展了一项整合项目，将FBS系列中的历史数据整理至Access数据库中，既提升了历史数据的易用性，也使其与后续已采用Access格式的FBS调查波次实现兼容。配套文档也已更新为与当前FBS调查一致的格式。