On Social Enterprises and Social Entrepreneurship: An Extension

Abstract Research on social entrepreneurship still lacks theoretical depth, as well as the analysis of the antecedents that lead to the emergence of social enterprises. Seeking to advance such discussion, this paper aims to analyze if and how the conceptual model for analysis of social entrepreneurship antecedents proposed by Jiao in 2011 is empirically supported. Thus, semi-structured interviews with ten Brazilian social entrepreneurs were conducted. From the results, the existence of a new antecedent not described in the conceptual model developed by Jiao was identified, and a framework for analysis of the antecedents that lead to the emergence of social enterprises is being proposed in this paper. The framework elaborated from cases present in an emerging economy that has several social problems also points to analytical inconsistencies in Jiao’s model. Besides allowing the theoretical advance about the initial stage of social enterprises formation, this paper also contributes presenting relations that help minimize the theoretical misunderstanding about the conceptualization of social entrepreneurship, generating a clarified definition. In addition, an agenda with directions for future research on social enterprises and social entrepreneurship is proposed.摘要：现有关于社会创业（social entrepreneurship）的研究仍存在理论深度不足的问题，且缺乏针对社会企业诞生相关前置影响因素的系统分析。为推动该领域的研究进展，本文旨在验证焦（Jiao）2011年提出的社会创业前置影响因素分析概念模型是否具备经验实证支撑，以及其支撑路径如何。为此，本文对10名巴西社会创业者开展了半结构化访谈。研究结果显示，本文发现了焦氏模型中未提及的全新前置影响因素，并提出了一套用于分析社会企业诞生前置影响因素的分析框架。该框架基于存在多重社会问题的新兴经济体中的案例构建而成，同时也揭示了焦氏模型中存在的分析不一致性问题。除了推动社会企业初创阶段的理论研究进展外，本文还通过梳理相关关联关系，助力减少社会创业概念化过程中的理论误解，最终形成更为清晰的定义。此外，本文还提出了社会企业与社会创业领域未来研究的议程与方向。