Genome assemblies of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Jm-0 and Elk-3 using HiFi and ONT long-reads

Centromeres ensure chromosome segregation during cell division. In plants, they contain CENH3-variant nucleosomes, essential for kinetochore formation and spindle microtubule interaction. Plant centromeres are frequently composed of megabase-scale satellite repeat arrays, or retrotransposon nests. In Arabidopsis thaliana, pericentromeric heterochromatin flanks the CENH3 regions, suppressing meiotic crossovers. This study examines how natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis affects centromere-proximal crossover frequency and segregation distortion during meiosis when homologous centromeres differ structurally. We used fluorescent crossover reporters to survey the effect of natural variation on centromere-proximal recombination in twelve F1 hybrids involving twelve natural strains, capturing Arabidopsis Eurasian and relict diversity. This project collects the PacBio HiFi and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) genomic long-reads and the corresponding telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Jm-0 (ecotype ID: 8313) and Elk-3 (ecotype ID: ), respectively. The remaining ten genome assemblies are part of the Arabidopsis Pancentromere project, which can be found in the in the ENA database under Study Accession PRJEB55353.

着丝粒（centromere）可在细胞分裂过程中保障染色体分离。在植物中，其包含CENH3变体核小体，这对于动粒（kinetochore）形成以及纺锤体微管（spindle microtubule）相互作用至关重要。植物着丝粒通常由兆碱基级别的卫星重复阵列或反转录转座子巢状结构构成。在拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）中，着丝粒周边异染色质（pericentromeric heterochromatin）侧翼于CENH3区域，抑制减数分裂交换（meiotic crossovers）。本研究探讨了当同源着丝粒结构存在差异时，拟南芥中的自然遗传变异如何影响减数分裂过程中着丝粒近端的交换频率及分离偏倚。我们借助荧光交换报告基因，对12个涉及12个自然株系的F1杂交群体中自然变异对着丝粒近端重组的影响进行了调查，涵盖了拟南芥的欧亚大陆种群及孑遗种群多样性。本项目分别收集了拟南芥种质Jm-0（生态型编号：8313）与Elk-3（生态型编号：空缺）的PacBio HiFi及牛津纳米孔科技（Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ONT）基因组长读长测序数据，以及与之对应的端粒到端粒基因组组装结果。其余10个基因组组装结果隶属于拟南芥全着丝粒项目（Arabidopsis Pancentromere project），该项目可在欧洲核苷酸档案馆（European Nucleotide Archive, ENA）的研究登录号PRJEB55353下获取。