Data from: Genome-wide scans detect adaptation to aridity in a widespread forest tree species.

Patterns of adaptive variation within plant species are best studied
through common garden experiments, but these are costly and
time-consuming, especially for trees that have long generation times. We
explored whether genome-wide scanning technology combined with outlier
marker detection could be used to detect adaptation to climate and provide
an alternative to common garden experiments. As a case study, we sampled
nine provenances of the widespread forest tree species, Eucalyptus
tricarpa, across an aridity gradient in southeastern Australia. Using a
Bayesian analysis we identified a suite of 94 putatively adaptive
(outlying) sequence-tagged markers across the genome. Population-level
allele frequencies of these outlier markers were strongly correlated with
temperature and moisture availability at the site of origin, and with
population differences in functional traits measured in two common
gardens. Using the output from a canonical analysis of principal
coordinates we devised a metric that provides a holistic measure of
genomic adaptation to aridity that could be used to guide assisted
migration or genetic augmentation.

植物物种内适应性变异的模式，最优研究途径为同质园试验（common garden experiments），但该类试验成本高昂且耗时漫长，对于世代周期较长的林木而言尤为如此。本研究探究了全基因组扫描技术（genome-wide scanning technology）结合离群标记检测（outlier marker detection）能否用于检测气候适应性，并作为同质园试验的替代方案。作为案例研究，我们在澳大利亚东南部的干旱梯度范围内，采集了广布林木树种三肋桉（Eucalyptus tricarpa）的9个种源。通过贝叶斯分析（Bayesian analysis），我们在全基因组范围内筛选得到94个疑似具有适应性的离群序列标签标记（sequence-tagged markers）。这些离群标记的种群等位基因频率，与采样原产地的温度、水分可获得性，以及在两个同质园试验中测定的种群功能性状差异均呈显著相关。通过主坐标典范分析（canonical analysis of principal coordinates）的输出结果，我们构建了一项量化指标，可全面衡量基因组对干旱的适应性，该指标可用于指导辅助迁移（assisted migration）或遗传增强（genetic augmentation）。