Bone health education programs for older people: an integrative review

Abstract Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by a reduction in bone mineral density. The dissemination of knowledge about the disease can be a viable alternative for promoting preventive behavior and self-care. This study sought to identify the main characteristics of bone health programs for older persons. We conducted an integrative review, searching for studies published between 2011 and 2022 in the CAPES periodicals database, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar using English descriptors. A total of 10,093 studies were retrieved, seven of which were selected after applying the inclusion criteria. The findings show that bone health education programs aim to empower older people by increasing knowledge about the disease and raising awareness about calcium and vitamin D intake, osteoporosis medications, and the importance of changing habits and exercise. Programs generally consist of group or individual meetings, with sessions lasting 50 to 60 minutes. Class sizes may be limited or unrestricted. Follow-up during the educational process was also found to be important. Tailoring topics to the reality and interests of participants appears to be another positive way of promoting the adoption of self-care practices.摘要 骨质疏松症（Osteoporosis）是一类以骨矿物质密度（bone mineral density）降低为特征的全身性疾病。普及该疾病相关知识，是推动预防行为养成与自我照护的可行路径。本研究旨在明确面向老年人的骨骼健康项目的核心特征。本研究采用整合性综述方法，以英文检索词在CAPES期刊数据库、Web of Science、PubMed及谷歌学术（Google Scholar）中检索2011年至2022年发表的相关研究。最终共检索得到10093篇文献，经纳入标准筛选后最终纳入7项研究。结果表明，骨骼健康教育项目通过提升受试者对疾病的认知水平、强化其对钙与维生素D摄入、骨质疏松症治疗药物的重视程度，以及宣传改变生活习惯与运动的重要性，实现赋能老年人的目标。项目一般以小组或一对一会议形式开展，单次课程时长为50至60分钟，课程学员规模可设限或无限制。研究同时发现，教育过程中的随访环节同样至关重要；根据参与者的实际情况与兴趣定制课程主题，亦是促进其采纳自我照护行为的有效方式。