Plate sensor temperature data from full-scale fire experiments of battery electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles

Over time, the burning behavior of passenger vehicles has been influenced by continuous advancements in vehicle design, including changes in materials, manufacturing processes, and the integration of modern lithium-ion battery powertrains. Fire protection engineers, first responders, and other safety professionals currently lack sufficient data to determine whether existing fire protection system designs and firefighting practices effectively address the hazards associated with modern vehicle fires, or to adapt these approaches to any measurable changes in fire dynamics. In this study, a total of eighteen full-scale vehicle fire experiments were conducted in a laboratory environment to obtain a novel data set describing the fire size, thermal hazards, and evolved smoke and particulate species resulting from vehicle fires. The present data repository includes measurements from nine of these experiments in which vehicles were ignited in the engine compartment (gasoline vehicles) or under the battery packs (electric vehicles) using a 30 kW propane burner. In these experiments, plate sensors and infrared cameras were positioned along both the driver and passenger sides of the vehicles, and temperature over the surfaces of the plate sensors was measured over time using infrared thermography. Thermogram sequences were exported to comma-separated-value (CSV) files at a frequency of 1 Hz. These measurements can be used, in tandem with an inverse heat transfer model, to deduce the spatially and temporally varying heat flux to the surroundings of the burning vehicles. For additional details on this method, referred to as the HFITS method, please refer to the source publication (10.1016/j.mex.2025.103327). There are many potential uses of this data, but primary uses are expected to include revision of design criteria and guidance within the fire protection engineering community, strategic and tactical decision aids for vehicle fire incident operations, validation of existing (and development of new) fire behavior models, and guidance to vehicle manufacturers for improved fire safety design.

长期以来，乘用车的燃烧行为受到车辆设计持续演进的深刻影响，涵盖材料革新、制造工艺升级，以及现代锂离子电池动力总成的集成应用。当前，消防工程师、应急救援人员及其他安全领域从业者，缺乏足够的数据以判断现有消防系统设计与灭火规程是否可有效应对现代乘用车火灾的相关危害，亦无法针对火灾动力学可观测的变化调整此类应对方案。
本研究共在实验室环境下开展18台全尺寸乘用车火灾试验，旨在构建一套全新数据集，涵盖乘用车火灾的火灾规模、热危害，以及火灾产生的烟气与颗粒物组分信息。本数据集收录其中9组试验的测量数据：试验均采用30kW丙烷燃烧器，分别在汽油车的发动机舱内或电动车的电池包下方引燃车辆。
试验过程中，平板传感器与红外相机分别布置在车辆的驾驶员侧与乘员侧，通过红外热成像技术实时采集平板传感器表面的温度变化。热成像序列以1Hz的频率导出为逗号分隔值（comma-separated-value, CSV）文件。
该测量数据可与逆向传热模型结合，推导得出燃烧车辆周边空间与时间维度上变化的热通量。有关该被称为HFITS方法的更多细节，请参阅原始文献（10.1016/j.mex.2025.103327）。
本数据集具备多重潜在应用场景，核心应用预计包括：修订消防工程领域的设计标准与指南、为乘用车火灾事故处置提供战略与战术决策支持、验证现有火灾行为模型并开发新型模型，以及为车辆制造商优化火灾安全设计提供参考依据。