Constraints on fth forces and ultralight dark matter from OSIRIS-REx target asteroid Bennu

It is important to test the possible existence of  fth forces, as ultralight bosons which would mediate these are predicted to exist in several well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model. Recent work indicated asteroids as promising probes, but applications to real data are lacking so far. Here we use the OSIRIS-REx mission and ground-based tracking data for the asteroid Bennu to derive constraints on  fth forces. Our limits are strongest for mediator masses m   (10􀀀18-10􀀀17) eV, where we currently achieve the tightest bounds. These can be translated to a wide class of models leading to Yukawa-type  fth forces, and we demonstrate how they apply to U(1)B dark photons and baryon-coupled scalars. Our results demonstrate the potential of asteroid tracking in probing well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model and ultralight bosons near the fuzzy dark matter range.

探测第五种基本力的存在具有重要科学意义，因为介导此类相互作用的超轻玻色子，在若干动机充分的标准模型（Standard Model）扩展理论中被预言存在。近期研究表明小行星是极具潜力的探测探针，但目前尚未有将其应用于实际观测数据的相关工作。本文借助奥西里斯-REx（OSIRIS-REx）任务以及贝努小行星的地面跟踪数据，推导得到第五种基本力的约束条件。针对传递子质量处于(10⁻¹⁸ ~ 10⁻¹⁷)电子伏特的区间，我们得到的约束强度最高，这也是目前为止最严格的限制。此类约束可推广至诸多产生汤川型第五力的模型中，同时我们展示了该约束如何应用于U(1)B暗光子（U(1)B dark photons）以及重子耦合标量场场景。本研究结果证实了小行星跟踪观测在探测动机充分的标准模型扩展理论，以及模糊暗物质（fuzzy dark matter）能区附近的超轻玻色子时的巨大潜力。