Marine environmental data layers for Southern Ocean species distribution modelling

This dataset is a collection of marine environmental data layers suitable for use in Southern Ocean species distribution modelling. All environmental layers have been generated at a spatial resolution of 0.1 degrees, covering the Southern Ocean extent (80 degrees S - 45 degrees S, -180 - 180 degrees). The layers include information relating to bathymetry, sea ice, ocean currents, primary production, particulate organic carbon, and other oceanographic data.An example of reading and using these data layers in R can be found at https://australianantarcticdivision.github.io/blueant/articles/SO_SDM_data.html.The following layers are provided:1. Layer name: depthDescription: Bathymetry. Downloaded from GEBCO 2014 (0.0083 degrees = 30sec arcmin resolution) and set at resolution 0.1 degrees. Then completed with the bathymetry layer manually corrected and provided in Fabri-Ruiz et al. (2017)Value range: -8038.722 - 0Units: mSource: This study. Derived from GEBCOURL: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/Citation: Fabri-Ruiz S, Saucede T, Danis B and David B (2017). Southern Ocean Echinoids database_An updated version of Antarctic, Sub-Antarctic and cold temperate echinoid database. ZooKeys, (697), 1.2. Layer name: geomorphologyDescription: Last update on biodiversity.aq portal. Derived from O'Brien et al. (2009) seafloor geomorphic feature dataset. Mapping based on GEBCO contours, ETOPO2, seismic lines). 27 categoriesValue range: 27 categoriesUnits: categoricalSource: This study. Derived from Australian Antarctic Data CentreURL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_DataCitation: O'Brien, P.E., Post, A.L., and Romeyn, R. (2009) Antarctic-wide geomorphology as an aid to habitat mapping and locating vulnerable marine ecosystems. CCAMLR VME Workshop 2009. Document WS-VME-09/103. Layer name: sedimentsDescription: Sediment featuresValue range: 14 categoriesUnits: categoricalSource: Griffiths 2014 (unpublished)URL: http://share.biodiversity.aq/GIS/antarctic/4. Layer name: slopeDescription: Seafloor slope derived from bathymetry with the terrain function of raster R package. Computation according to Horn (1981), ie option neighbor=8. The computation was done on the GEBCO bathymetry layer (0.0083 degrees resolution) and the resolution was then changed to 0.1 degrees. Unit set at degrees.Value range: 0.000252378 - 16.94809Units: degreesSource: This study. Derived from GEBCOURL: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/Citation: Horn, B.K.P., 1981. Hill shading and the reflectance map. Proceedings of the IEEE 69:14-475. Layer name: roughnessDescription: Seafloor roughness derived from bathymetry with the terrain function of raster R package. Roughness is the difference between the maximum and the minimum value of a cell and its 8 surrounding cells. The computation was done on the GEBCO bathymetry layer (0.0083 degrees resolution) and the resolution was then changed to 0.1 degrees.Value range: 0 - 5171.278Units: unitlessSource: This study. Derived from GEBCOURL: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/6. Layer name: mixed layer depthDescription: Summer mixed layer depth climatology from ARGOS data. Regridded from 2-degree grid using nearest neighbour interpolationValue range: 13.79615 - 461.5424Units: mSource: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data7. Layer name: seasurface_current_speedDescription: Current speed near the surface (2.5m depth), derived from the CAISOM model (Galton-Fenzi et al. 2012, based on ROMS model)Value range: 1.50E-04 - 1.7Units: m/sSource: This study. Derived from Australian Antarctic Data CentreURL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_DataCitation: see Galton-Fenzi BK, Hunter JR, Coleman R, Marsland SJ, Warner RC (2012) Modeling the basal melting and marine ice accretion of the Amery Ice Shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117, C09031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012jc008214, https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/polar_environmental_data8. Layer name: seafloor_current_speedDescription: Current speed near the sea floor, derived from the CAISOM model (Galton-Fenzi et al. 2012, based on ROMS)Value range: 3.40E-04 - 0.53Units: m/sSource: This study. Derived from Australian Antarctic Data CentreURL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_DataCitation: see Galton-Fenzi BK, Hunter JR, Coleman R, Marsland SJ, Warner RC (2012) Modeling the basal melting and marine ice accretion of the Amery Ice Shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117, C09031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012jc008214, https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/polar_environmental_data9. Layer name: distance_antarcticaDescription: Distance to the nearest part of the Antarctic continentValue range: 0 - 3445Units: kmSource: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data10. Layer name: distance_canyonDescription: Distance to the axis of the nearest canyonValue range: 0 - 3117Units: kmSource: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data11. Layer name: distance_max_ice_edgeDescription: Distance to the mean maximum winter sea ice extent (derived from daily estimates of sea ice concentration)Value range: -2614.008 - 2314.433Units: kmSource: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data12. Layer name: distance_shelfDescription: Distance to nearest area of seafloor of depth 500m or shallowerValue range: -1296 - 1750Units: kmSource: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data13. Layer name: ice_cover_maxDescription: Ice concentration fraction, maximum on [1957-2017] time periodValue range: 0 - 1Units: unitlessSource: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis14. Layer name: ice_cover_meanDescription: Ice concentration fraction, mean on [1957-2017] time periodValue range: 0 - 0.9708595Units: unitlessSource: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis15. Layer name: ice_cover_minDescription: Ice concentration fraction, minimum on [1957-2017] time periodValue range: 0 - 0.8536261Units: unitlessSource: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis16. Layer name: ice_cover_rangeDescription: Ice concentration fraction, difference maximum-minimum on [1957-2017] time periodValue range: 0 - 1Units: unitlessSource: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis17. Layer name: ice_thickness_maxDescription: Ice thickness, maximum on [1957-2017] time periodValue range: 0 - 3.471811Units: mSource: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis18. Layer name: ice_thickness_meanDescription: Ice thickness, mean on [1957-2017] time periodValue range: 0 - 1.614133Units: mSource: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis19. Layer name: ice_thickness_minDescription: Ice thickness, minimum on [1957-2017] time periodValue range: 0 - 0.7602701Units: mSource: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis20. Layer name: ice_thickness_rangeDescription: Ice thickness, difference maximum-minimum on [1957-2017] time periodValue range: 0 - 3.471811Units: mSource: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis21. Layer name: chla_ampli_alltime_2005_2012Description: Chlorophyll-a concentrations obtained from MODIS satellite data. Amplitude of pixel values (difference between maximal and minimal value encountered by each pixel during all months of the period [2005-2012])Value range: 0 - 77.15122Units: mg/m^3Source: https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS-Aqua/Mapped/Monthly/9km/chlor_a/URL: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/chlor_a.php22. Layer name: chla_max_alltime_2005_2012Description: Chlorophyll-a concentrations obtained from MODIS satellite data. Maximal value encountered by each pixel during all months of the period [2005-2012]Value range: 0 - 77.28562Units: mg/m^3Source: https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS-Aqua/Mapped/Monthly/9km/chlor_a/URL: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/chlor_a.php23. Layer name: chla_mean_alltime_2005_2012Description: Chlorophyll-a concentrations obtained from MODIS satellite data. Mean value of each pixel during all months of the period [2005-2012]Value range: 0 - 30.42691Units: mg/m^3Source: https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS-Aqua/Mapped/Monthly/9km/chlor_a/URL: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/chlor_a.php24. Layer name: chla_min_alltime_2005_2012Description: Chlorophyll-a concentrations obtained from MODIS satellite data. Minimal value encountered by each pixel during all months of the period [2005-2012]Value range: 0 - 29.02929Units: mg/m^3Source: https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS-Aqua/Mapped/Monthly/9km/chlor_a/URL: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/chlor_a.php25. Layer name: chla_sd_alltime_2005_2012Description: Chlorophyll-a concentrations obtained from MODIS satellite data. Standard deviation value of each pixel during all months of the period [2005-2012]Value range: 0 - 27.9877Units: mg/m^3Source: https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS-Aqua/Mapped/Monthly/9km/chlor_a/URL: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/chlor_a.php26. Layer name: POC_2005_2012_ampliDescription: Particulate organic carbon, model Lutz et al. (2007). Amplitude value (difference maximal and minimal value, see previous layers) all seasonal layers [2005-2012]Value range: 0 - 1.31761Units: g/m^2/dSource: This study. Following Lutz et al. (2007)URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Particulate_carbon_export_flux_layersCitation: Lutz MJ, Caldeira K, Dunbar RB and Behrenfeld MJ (2007). Seasonal rhythms of net primary production and particulate organic carbon flux to depth describe the efficiency of biological pump in the global ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C10).27. Layer name: POC_2005_2012_maxDescription: Particulate organic carbon, model Lutz et al. (2007). Maximal value encountered on each pixel among all seasonal layers [2005-2012]Value range: 0.00332562 - 1.376601Units: g/m^2/dSource: This study. Following Lutz et al. (2007)URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Particulate_carbon_export_flux_layersCitation: Lutz MJ, Caldeira K, Dunbar RB and Behrenfeld MJ (2007). Seasonal rhythms of net primary production and particulate organic carbon flux to depth describe the efficiency of biological pump in the global ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C10).28. Layer name: POC_2005_2012_meanDescription: Particulate organic carbon, model Lutz et al. (2007). Mean all seasonal layers [2005-2012]Value range: 0.003184335 - 0.5031364Units: g/m^2/dSource: This study. Following Lutz et al. (2007)URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Particulate_carbon_export_flux_layersCitation: Lutz MJ, Caldeira K, Dunbar RB and Behrenfeld MJ (2007). Seasonal rhythms of net primary production and particulate organic carbon flux to depth describe the efficiency of biological pump in the global ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C10).29. Layer name: POC_2005_2012_minDescription: Particulate organic carbon, model Lutz et al. (2007). Minimal value encountered on each pixel among all seasonal layers [2005-2012]Value range: 0.003116508 - 0.1313119Units: g/m^2/dSource: This study. Following Lutz et al. (2007)URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Particulate_carbon_export_flux_layersCitation: Lutz MJ, Caldeira K, Dunbar RB and Behrenfeld MJ (2007). Seasonal rhythms of net primary production and particulate organic carbon flux to depth describe the efficiency of biological pump in the global ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C10).30. Layer name: POC_2005_2012_sdDescription: Particulate organic carbon, model Lutz et al. (2007). Standard deviation all seasonal layers [2005-2012]Value range: 3.85E-08 - 0.4417001Units: g/m^2/dSource: This study. Following Lutz et al. (2007)URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Particulate_carbon_export_flux_layersCitation: Lutz MJ, Caldeira K, Dunbar RB and Behrenfeld MJ (2007). Seasonal rhythms of net primary production and particulate organic carbon flux to depth describe the efficiency of biological pump in the global ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C10).31. Layer name: seafloor_oxy_1955_2012_ampliDescription: Amplitude (difference maximum-minimum) value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor oxygen concentration over [1955-2012], modified from WOCEValue range: 0.001755714 - 5.285187Units: mL/LSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html32. Layer name: seafloor_oxy_1955_2012_maxDescription: Maximum value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of oxygen concentration over [1955-2012], modified from WOCEValue range: 3.059685 - 11.52433Units: mL/LSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html33. Layer name: seafloor_oxy_1955_2012_meanDescription: Mean seafloor oxygen concentration over [1955-2012] (average of all monthly layers), modified from WOCEValue range: 2.836582 - 8.858084Units: mL/LSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html34. Layer name: seafloor_oxy_1955_2012_minDescription: Minimum value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor oxygen concentration over [1955-2012], modified from WOCEValue range: 0.4315577 - 8.350794Units: mL/LSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html35. Layer name: seafloor_oxy_1955_2012_sdDescription: Standard deviation seafloor oxygen concentration over [1955-2012] (of all monthly layers), modified from WOCEValue range: 0.000427063 - 1.588707Units: mL/LSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html36. Layer name: seafloor_sali_2005_2012_ampliDescription: Amplitude (difference maximum-minimum) value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor salinity over [2005-2012], modified from WOCEValue range: 0.000801086 - 4.249901Units: PSUSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html37. Layer name: seafloor_sali_2005_2012_maxDescription: Maximum value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor salinity over [2005-2012], modified from WOCEValue range: 32.90105 - 35.3997Units: PSUSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html38. Layer name: seafloor_sali_2005_2012_meanDescription: Mean seafloor salinity over [2005-2012] (average of all monthly layers), modified from WOCEValue range: 32.51107 - 35.03207Units: PSUSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html39. Layer name: seafloor_sali_2005_2012_minDescription: Minimum value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor salinity over [2005-2012], modified from WOCEValue range: 29.8904 - 34.97735Units: PSUSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html40. Layer name: seafloor_sali_2005_2012_sdDescription: Standard deviation seafloor salinity over [2005-2012] (of all monthly layers), modified from WOCEValue range: 0.000251834 - 1.36245Units: PSUSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html41. Layer name: seafloor_temp_2005_2012_ampliDescription: Amplitude (difference maximum-minimum) value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor temperature over [2005-2012], modified from WOCEValue range: 0.0086 - 8.625669Units: degrees CSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html42. Layer name: seafloor_temp_2005_2012_maxDescription: Maximum value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor temperature over [2005-2012], modified from WOCEValue range: -2.021455 - 15.93171Units: degrees CSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html43. Layer name: seafloor_temp_2005_2012_meanDescription: Mean seafloor temperature over [2005-2012] (average of all monthly layers), modified from WOCEValue range: -2.085796 - 13.23161Units: degrees CSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html44. Layer name: seafloor_temp_2005_2012_minDescription: Minimum value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor temperature over [2005-2012], modified from WOCEValue range: -2.1 - 11.6431Units: degrees CSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html45. Layer name: seafloor_temp_2005_2012_sdDescription: Standard deviation seafloor temperature over [2005-2012] (of all monthly layers), modified from WOCEValue range: 0.002843571 - 2.877084Units: degrees CSource: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html46. Layer name: extreme_event_max_chl_2005_2012_ampliDescription: Amplitude (difference maximum-minimum) number of the number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012Value range: integer values 0 - 3Units: unitlessSource: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers47. Layer name: extreme_event_max_chl_2005_2012_maxDescription: Maximum number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012Value range: integer values 0 - 5Units: unitlessSource: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers48. Layer name: extreme_event_max_chl_2005_2012_meanDescription: Mean of the number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012Value range: 0 - 3.875Units: unitlessSource: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers49. Layer name: extreme_event_max_chl_2005_2012_minDescription: Minimum number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012Value range: integer values 0 - 5Units: unitlessSource: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers50. Layer name: extreme_event_min_chl_2005_2012_ampliDescription: Amplitude (difference maximum-minimum) number of the number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012Value range: integer values 0 - 9Units: unitlessSource: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers51. Layer name: extreme_event_min_chl_2005_2012_maxDescription: Maximum number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012Value range: integer values 0 - 11Units: unitlessSource: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers52. Layer name: extreme_event_min_chl_2005_2012_meanDescription: Mean of the number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012Value range: 0 - 11Units: unitlessSource: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers53. Layer name: extreme_event_min_chl_2005_2012_minDescription: Minimum number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012Value range: integer values 0 - 11Units: unitlessSource: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers54. Layer name: extreme_event_min_oxy_1955_2012_nbDescription: Number of extreme events (minimal seafloor oxygen concentration records) that happened between January and December of the yearValue range: integer values 0 - 12Units: per yearSource: derived from seafloor oxygen concentration layers55. Layer name: extreme_event_max_sali_2005_2012_nbDescription: Number of extreme events (maximal seafloor salinity records) that happened between January and December of the yearValue range: integer values 0 - 12Units: per yearSource: derived from seafloor salinity layers56. Layer name: extreme_event_min_sali_2005_2012_nbDescription: Number of extreme events (minimal seafloor salinity records) that happened between January and December of the yearValue range: integer values 0 - 12Units: per yearSource: derived from seafloor salinity layers57. Layer name: extreme_event_max_temp_2005_2012_nbDescription: Number of extreme events (maximal seafloor temperature records) that happened between January and December of the yearValue range: integer values 0 - 12Units: per yearSource: derived from seafloor temperature layers58. Layer name: extreme_event_min_temp_2005_2012_nbDescription: Number of extreme events (minimal seafloor temperature records) that happened between January and December of the yearValue range: integer values 0 - 12Units: per yearSource: derived from seafloor temperature layers