DEVELEPING INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES IN OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN THOURT INTRODUCING SCIENSE AND NATURE

INTRODUCTION: The role of ecology in raising the younger generation as mature specialists, intellectually and spiritually mature people who love and respect their homeland is incomparable. Nature, the events that occur in it, and the laws of nature play an important role in the complex formation of a child's personality. When children become acquainted with these, their intellectual, moral, physical, and scientific worldviews are formed, and they are brought up in the spirit of preserving, caring for, and protecting nature. ESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Nature is a great place for humanity to live, a source of blessings, and it is the duty of every person to preserve it. Our people have their own national and historical traditions. Let these traditions always be developed and enriched. It is known from the past that nature is an invaluable value for humanity. Nature is the field of birth, life, and growth. Man lives, grows, and develops together with nature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The role of ecological education in ensuring harmony between nature and man is extremely large. Continuous ecological education and upbringing, carried out at all stages of the education system, requires the formation of new relationships between man and nature, as well as himself. This, in turn, can serve as a foundation for the formation of a well-rounded person. Instilling love for nature leads to education in the spirit of respect for the Motherland, its natural monuments, historical monuments, and the traditions of our people, and the formation of a highly spiritual personality. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: Introducing a child to nature, teaching him about nature, and educating him to relate to nature are the most important aspects of the preschool education process. In the process of introducing preschool children to nature, great attention is paid to the formation of an attitude towards nature. Only when children acquire at least basic knowledge about nature, learn simple methods of growing plants and caring for animals, and learn to preserve nature and see its beauties, will they be able to cultivate a loving and caring attitude towards nature. It is on this basis that children develop a deep love for nature, a love for their homeland, and a love for their homeland. CONCLUSION: Activities to introduce children to nature help them to acquire knowledge from the perspective of children and nature. During the activities, the teacher forms elementary knowledge in children under the guidance of the program, develops basic cognitive processes and children's work to a certain extent. Children's personal knowledge accumulates during everyday life, play, and work. The devices and equipment of the activities are used to implement various teaching methods.引言：生态学在培养年轻一代成为兼具智力与精神双重成熟度、热爱且敬重祖国的合格专业人才过程中，其作用无可比拟。自然环境、自然现象与自然法则，在儿童人格的复杂塑造进程中扮演着关键角色。当儿童接触并了解上述内容时，其智力、道德、体魄与科学世界观得以逐步形成，同时也能在爱护、呵护与保护自然的精神中获得成长。 研究目标：自然是人类赖以生存的美好家园，亦是福祉的源泉，保护自然乃是每一位公民的应尽之责。我们的民族拥有独具特色的民族与历史传统，这些传统应当始终得到传承与丰富。回溯历史可知，自然乃是人类无可估量的宝贵财富。自然是孕育、存续与成长的场域，人类与自然共生共长、协同发展。 材料与方法：生态教育在实现人与自然和谐共生方面的作用极为显著。贯穿教育体系各阶段的持续性生态教育与素养培育，需要构建全新的人与自然关系，乃至人与自我的关系。而这恰恰可为培养全面发展的人才奠定坚实基础。培育对自然的热爱，能够引导儿童树立尊重祖国、尊重祖国自然与历史遗迹、传承民族传统的价值观，进而塑造具有高度精神境界的人格。 讨论与结果：向儿童普及自然知识、传授自然规律，并引导其建立正确的自然观，乃是学前教育过程中最为核心的环节之一。在面向学前儿童开展自然教育的过程中，需高度重视其对自然的态度塑造。唯有当儿童掌握基础的自然知识、学会植物种植与动物照料的简易方法，并懂得保护自然、欣赏自然之美时，方能培育出对自然的怜爱与呵护之心。在此基础之上，儿童方能逐步建立起对自然、对祖国的深厚热爱之情。 结论：面向儿童开展自然科普活动，能够帮助儿童从儿童视角与自然视角出发获取知识。在活动开展过程中，教师将依据课程大纲向儿童传授基础的科学知识，同时在一定程度上发展其基本认知能力与动手实践能力。儿童的个性化知识储备，会在日常生活、游戏与劳作中逐步积累。本次活动所使用的器材与设备，可用于落实多样化的教学方法。