Effect of Dietary Patterns on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in the Very Old: Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study

BackgroundHealthy diet has been associated with better muscle strength and physical performance in cross-sectional studies of older adults but the effect of dietary patterns (DP) on subsequent decline, particularly in the very old (aged 85+), has not been determined.ObjectiveWe investigated the association between previously established DP and decline in muscle strength and physical performance in the very old.Design791 participants (61.8% women) from the Newcastle 85+ Study were followed-up for change in hand grip strength (HGS) and Timed Up-and Go (TUG) test over 5 years (four waves 1.5 years apart). Mixed models were used to determine the effects of DP on muscle strength and physical performance in the entire cohort and separately by sex.ResultsPreviously we have established three DP that varied in intake of red meats, potato, gravy and butter and differed with key health and social factors. HGS declined linearly by 1.59 kgF in men and 1.08 kgF in women (both p10-transformed seconds (log10-s) in men and 0.11 log10-s in women per wave after adjusting for important covariates (both pConclusionsDP high in red meats, potato and gravy (DP1), or butter (DP3) may adversely affect muscle strength and physical performance in later life, independently of important covariates and cognitive status.研究背景 既往针对老年人群的横断面研究显示，健康饮食与更好的肌肉力量及身体活动能力相关，但饮食模式（dietary patterns, DP）对后续身体机能衰退的影响，尤其是在极高龄（85岁及以上）人群中，尚未明确。 研究目的 本研究旨在探究既往确立的饮食模式与极高龄人群肌肉力量及身体活动能力衰退之间的关联。 研究设计 本研究对纽卡斯尔85+研究（Newcastle 85+ Study）中的791名参与者（女性占61.8%）进行了为期5年的随访，每1.5年为一个随访波次，共设4个波次，以评估握力（hand grip strength, HGS）和计时起立行走测试（Timed Up-and Go, TUG）的变化。采用混合效应模型，分析饮食模式对整个队列及不同性别亚组的肌肉力量与身体活动能力的影响。 研究结果 既往研究已确立三种饮食模式，其在红肉、马铃薯、肉汁及黄油的摄入水平上存在差异，且与关键健康及社会人口学因素相关。男性握力线性下降1.59 kgF，女性下降1.08 kgF（两组均p<0.001）。校正重要混杂因素后，每经过一个随访波次，男性的计时起立行走测试时间经10对数转换（log10-s）后增加（即测试变慢）0.08 log10-s，女性增加0.11 log10-s（两组均p<0.001）。 研究结论 以红肉、马铃薯及肉汁为核心摄入特征的饮食模式（DP1），或以黄油为核心摄入特征的饮食模式（DP3），可能对晚年的肌肉力量及身体活动能力产生不利影响，且该关联独立于重要混杂因素与认知状态。