Supplementary Material for: Unemployment and Substance Use in Young Adults: Does Educational Attainment Modify the Association?

We studied whether patterns of substance use in relation to unemployment vary depending on educational level. Data come from 1,126 community-based young adults in France (18-35 years of age in 2011) and their parents (TEMPO and GAZEL studies). Tobacco use (≥1 cigarette/day, 22.5% prevalence), nicotine dependence (Fagerström test ≥2, 7.1% prevalence), alcohol use (≥2 units/week, 25.3% prevalence), alcohol abuse (WHO AUDIT ≥7 in women and ≥8 in men, 10.8% prevalence), cannabis use (≥1 time, 16.5% prevalence), and cannabis abuse (CAST ≥2, 5.0% prevalence) were assessed by interview. We conducted logistic regression analyses controlled for inverse probability weights of unemployment, calculated based on demographics, negative life events, health, and juvenile and parental characteristics. Compared to participants who were always employed, those who were unemployed and had no higher education were more likely to smoke tobacco (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.86-4.10), to be nicotine dependent (OR: 5.70, 95% CI: 3.03-10.73), to use cannabis (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.42-3.64), and to abuse cannabis (OR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.63-7.04). Those who were unemployed and had higher education were especially likely to abuse alcohol (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.16-3.09). Increases in unemployment may impact population levels of substance use, particularly in young adults with low educational attainment.

本研究旨在探讨与失业相关的物质使用模式是否会因受教育程度不同而存在差异。研究数据来源于法国1126名社区招募的青年成年人（2011年时年龄为18~35岁）及其父母，数据来自TEMPO与GAZEL研究。本研究通过访谈评估了以下物质使用与成瘾情况：烟草使用（每日≥1支，患病率22.5%）、尼古丁依赖（费尔斯特罗姆量表[Fagerström Test]得分≥2，患病率7.1%）、酒精使用（每周≥2单位，患病率25.3%）、酒精滥用（女性世界卫生组织酒精使用障碍筛查量表[WHO AUDIT]得分≥7、男性≥8，患病率10.8%）、大麻使用（≥1次，患病率16.5%）以及大麻滥用（大麻滥用筛查测试[CAST]得分≥2，患病率5.0%）。本研究采用逻辑回归分析，并基于人口统计学特征、负性生活事件、健康状况以及青少年时期与父母的相关特征计算失业的逆概率权重以进行校正。与始终在职的受试者相比，失业且无高等教育背景的个体更易出现烟草使用（优势比[OR]=2.76，95%置信区间[CI]=1.86~4.10）、尼古丁依赖（OR=5.70，95%CI=3.03~10.73）、大麻使用（OR=2.27，95%CI=1.42~3.64）以及大麻滥用（OR=3.38，95%CI=1.63~7.04）。而失业且具备高等教育背景的个体则更易出现酒精滥用（OR=1.89，95%CI=1.16~3.09）。研究结果提示，失业人数的增加可能会影响人群的物质使用水平，尤其是低教育背景的青年群体。