Cross-cultural adaptation of the Module for Assessment of Domestic Violence, adapted from Axis I of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2), with a sample of Brazilian women, victims of domestic violence

Abstract Introduction: Intimate partner domestic violence against women causes physical and psychological harm to victims. The relevance of this topic is indisputable and there is a need to identify in greater detail how these women experience violence, since these factors have considerable clinical implications. Objective: To develop a Portuguese version of the Module for Assessment of Domestic Violence, adapted from Axis I of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2), considering content validity and psychometric characteristics. Method: Cross-cultural adaptation was based on guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. OPD clinical interviews were recorded and transcribed. These interviews were analyzed by two independent judges trained in the OPD-2. Results: The sample comprised 56 women who had been victims of domestic violence, with a mean age of 30.07 years (standard deviation = 9.65). The adapted version has content validity and good psychometric characteristics. Evaluation of semantic equivalence took into account the psychodynamic references, using the same ideas as the original instrument. Interexaminer reliability between the judges was substantial (k = 0.63) and Cronbach's alpha for the new version indicates good reliability. Conclusion: The OPD-2 offers a psychodynamic diagnosis of the victim that complements traditional nosological diagnosis, particularly in the context of domestic violence with the adaptation of Axis I. Certain biases could have been detrimental to aspects of this study, but they were controlled. The study objective was achieved and the Module was successfully adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The results are in line with those of the original study.

摘要与引言：针对女性的亲密伴侣家庭暴力会对受害者造成躯体与心理损伤。该主题的研究价值毋庸置疑，学界亟需进一步细化此类女性的暴力受害体验，因为此类因素具备显著的临床指导意义。研究目的：编制家庭暴力评估模块的葡萄牙语版本，该模块改编自操作化心理动力学诊断量表（Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis, OPD-2）的第一轴，同时兼顾内容效度与心理测量学特征。研究方法：本次跨文化调适流程参照自评量表跨文化调适指南开展。研究人员录制并转录了OPD临床访谈资料，由两名接受过OPD-2系统培训的独立评审员对访谈内容进行独立分析。研究结果：最终样本包含56名曾遭受家庭暴力的女性，平均年龄为30.07岁（标准差=9.65）。经跨文化调适后的版本具备良好的内容效度与心理测量学特性。语义等价性评估结合了心理动力学相关专业参考标准，与原始工具的核心理念保持一致。两名评审员的评定者间信度达到中等偏强一致性（k=0.63），新版量表的克朗巴赫α系数显示其具备优异的内部一致性信度。研究结论：OPD-2可针对家庭暴力受害者提供心理动力学诊断，能够补充传统疾病分类诊断的不足，尤其在适配第一轴的家庭暴力研究场景中。本研究虽存在可能影响结果的潜在偏倚，但均已得到有效控制。本次研究的既定目标已达成，该评估模块已成功适配巴西葡萄牙语版本，研究结果与原始研究结论保持一致。