Protein-based vaccine protect against Piscirickettsia salmonis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

An effective and economical vaccine against the Piscirickettsia salmonis pathogen is needed for sustainable salmon farming and to reduce disease-related economic losses. Consequently, the aquaculture industry urgently needs to investigate efficient prophylactic measures. Three protein-based vaccine prototypes against Piscirickettsia salmonis were prepared from a highly pathogenic Chilean isolate. Only one vaccine effectively protected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), in correlation with the induction of Piscirickettsia-specific IgM antibodies and a high induction of transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e. Il-1β and TNF-α). In addition, we studied the proteome fraction protein of P. salmonis strain Austral-005 using multidimensional protein identification technology. The analyzes identified 87 proteins of different subcellular origins, such as the cytoplasmic and membrane compartment, where many of them have virulence functions. The other two prototypes activated only the innate immune responses, but did not protect Salmo salar against Piscirickettsia salmonis. These results suggest that the knowledge of the formulation of vaccines based on P. salmonis proteins is useful as an effective therapy, this demonstrates the importance of the different research tools to improve the study of the different immune responses, resistance to diseases in the Atlantic salmon. We suggest that this vaccine can help prevent widespread infection by P. salmonis, in addition to being able to be used as a booster after a primary vaccine to maintain high levels of circulating protective antibodies, greatly helping to reduce the economic losses caused by the pathogen.

为实现鲑鱼养殖业的可持续发展，并降低因病害引发的经济损失，亟需一款针对杀鲑立克次体（Piscirickettsia salmonis）的高效经济型疫苗。因此，水产养殖业亟需研发高效的疾病预防措施。本研究从一株高致病性智利分离株中制备了三款针对杀鲑立克次体的蛋白类疫苗候选株。仅一款疫苗可有效保护大西洋鲑（Salmo salar），该保护效果与杀鲑立克次体特异性IgM抗体的诱导，以及促炎性细胞因子（即白介素-1β（Il-1β）与肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α））编码转录本的高水平诱导密切相关。此外，本研究采用多维蛋白质鉴定技术（multidimensional protein identification technology），对杀鲑立克次体Austral-005菌株的蛋白质组组分进行了分析。本次分析共鉴定出87种来源不同亚细胞结构的蛋白质，包括细胞质与膜区室，其中多数蛋白具备毒力功能。另外两款疫苗候选株仅能激活先天免疫应答，却无法使大西洋鲑抵御杀鲑立克次体的感染。上述研究结果表明，基于杀鲑立克次体蛋白的疫苗配方研发思路可作为有效的病害防治手段，同时也彰显了各类研究工具在深化大西洋鲑免疫应答与病害抗性研究中的重要价值。本研究认为，该疫苗不仅可有效阻止杀鲑立克次体的大范围感染，还可作为加强针用于初次免疫后，以维持循环系统中保护性抗体的高水平表达，从而大幅降低该病原体所造成的经济损失。