Methods of cultivation and technical coefficients of peanuts in the Bahian Recôncavo

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to collect information about peanut cultivation methods adopted by family farmers in the Bahian Recôncavo (region that surrounds the bay in the state of Bahia, Brazil), using a specific form and also direct information from farmers. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in the mesoregion of the Bahian Recôncavo in the following municipalities: Conceição do Almeida, Cruz das Almas, Maragogipe, São Felipe, São Felix, Sapeaçú and Laje (Vale do Jequiriçá), where 60 local farmers answered a nonstructured questionnaire about peanut cultivation. The cultivation system was estimated based on technical coefficients related to peanut cultivation in the area evaluated. The peanut cultivation system is carried out by family farmers from the Bahian Recôncavo who employ outdated practices and do not use the required basic steps. The technical coefficients analyzed show that the cultivation of peanut is an unprofitable activity when considering the high cost of production in this region, even though productivity is higher than in the entire state as well as in the Northeast region. Farmers in the Bahian Recôncavo do not consider the actual production costs of peanuts since they use seeds from previous crops and do not account for the labor costs of family members. There is a lack of active and continuous technical assistance to family farmers, not only in relation to the cultivation system, but also the possibility of other destinations for peanuts produced in the region.

摘要 本研究旨在通过专用表单及直接访谈农户的方式，收集巴西巴伊亚州雷孔卡沃（Bahian Recôncavo，巴伊亚州海湾周边区域）家庭农场主所采用的花生种植方法相关信息。
研究团队在巴伊亚雷孔卡沃中观区域的下述市镇开展民族植物学调查（ethnobotanical survey）：孔塞桑-杜阿莱梅达（Conceição do Almeida）、克鲁斯-达斯阿尔马斯（Cruz das Almas）、马拉戈日皮（Maragogipe）、圣费利佩（São Felipe）、圣费利克斯（São Felix）、萨佩阿苏（Sapeaçú）以及拉耶（瓦莱杜热基里萨，Vale do Jequiriçá），共有60名当地农户参与了关于花生种植的非结构化问卷（nonstructured questionnaire）调查。
本研究基于评估区域内与花生种植相关的技术系数（technical coefficients）估算当地花生种植体系。巴伊亚雷孔卡沃的家庭农场主采用过时的种植操作流程，未遵循花生种植所需的基础规范步骤。
所分析的技术系数显示，尽管该区域的花生产量高于全州及巴西东北部地区的平均水平，但考虑到当地高昂的生产成本，花生种植属于无盈利性活动。
巴伊亚雷孔卡沃的农户并未核算花生的实际生产成本：他们留存前茬作物的种子作为种植用种，且未计入家庭成员的劳动成本。此外，当前缺乏针对家庭农场主的持续性主动技术援助，此类援助不仅涵盖种植体系优化，还涉及本区域所产花生的其他销售渠道拓展可能性。