Vocal warm-up and cool-down: systematic review

ABSTRACT For this literature review, we researched national and international scientific publications on vocal warm-up and cool-down of the speaking voice, through databases such as Lilacs, MedLine and Scielo, in order to identify and describe the methodological parameters and the effects of the vocal warm-up and cool-down proposals that are described in national and international literature. We performed the location and selection of studies through a survey of texts published on the theme from 1999 to 2013. We included original research articles; published in Portuguese or English; with emphasis on vocal warm-up and cool-down; associated or not. The recommended time of execution for warm-up ranged from 15 to 30 minutes or three sets of 15 repetitions, and the cool-down from 5 to 15min. The most used exercises for warm-up were voiced fricative sounds and vibrant of tongue or lips, in ascending scales, and for the vocal cool-down the nasal sounds, fricative sounds and vibrant of tongue or lips, in descending scales, were the most used exercises. The exercises showed positive vocal changes, observed by vocal acoustic and auditory-perceptual vocal and, self-evaluation and aerodynamic related to phonation. There was unanimity on the importance of completing the vocal warm-up and cool-down for voice professionals and on the positive results after carrying out the procedures. There was no agreement on the time of execution and on the exercises that were used.

摘要：本综述以Lilacs、MedLine及Scielo等数据库为检索源，针对言语发声热身（vocal warm-up）与放松（vocal cool-down）的相关国内外科学文献开展调研，旨在识别并阐述国内外文献中所载相关方案的方法学参数及其应用效果。我们针对1999年至2013年间发表的该主题文献开展调研，完成了研究的定位与筛选流程。纳入标准为：以葡萄牙语或英语发表的原创研究论文，且研究重点围绕发声热身与放松（可关联或不关联该两项内容）展开。发声热身的推荐执行时长为15至30分钟，或分为3组、每组15次重复；发声放松的推荐执行时长则为5至15分钟。热身阶段最常用的练习为浊擦音及舌/唇颤音，配合上行音阶进行；而发声放松阶段最常用的练习则为鼻音、擦音及舌/唇颤音，配合下行音阶开展。上述练习可带来积极的嗓音变化，相关评估手段包括嗓音声学检测、听觉-感知嗓音评估、自我评估以及与发声相关的空气动力学检测。学界一致认为，完成发声热身与放松流程对于嗓音专业从业者具有重要意义，且实施该流程后可获得积极效果；但在执行时长与所用练习的选择上，尚未达成统一共识。