Coastal geomorphology - Coastal dunes 2019

Cartography and classification of the coastal dunes of Emilia-Romagna, processed mainly through the photo interpretation of orthophotos and the analysis of high-resolution DTM acquired with lasercan technology (Lidar-RER 2012, 2019), which allow the recognition of shapes on the basis of elevation and the classification of the elements on the basis of altitudes greater/less than 2 m. The natural dunes are classified according to the state of evolution, i.e. active dune, semi-stabilized dune, stabilized dune. Two classes have also been added: the residual dune, that is the portions of the dune extremely altered and with very low altitudes, therefore not very evident on the lidar data, but still recognizable in aerial photos, and the artificial dune, that is true those artificially reconstituted portions (often through sandbags) that in any case over time have become an integral part of the coastal landscape and have been partially re-colonized by vegetation. The dynamics of the specific morphology (advancement, indeterminate stability) and the degree of anthropization and the characteristic elements from the vegetative point of view (pioneer-root-absent species, annual grass, perennial grass, arboreal, arboreal-shrub, mixed) are also identified with the main essences identified.艾米利亚-罗马涅沿海沙丘的制图与分类研究，主要通过正射影像摄影解译，以及对2012、2019年意大利艾米利亚-罗马涅地区激光雷达（Lidar-RER）获取的高分辨率数字地形模型（DTM）开展分析，该方法可基于高程特征识别地貌形态，并依据海拔高于或低于2米的阈值对地表要素进行分类。天然沙丘依据演化状态划分为三类：活动沙丘、半固定沙丘与固定沙丘；此外研究新增了两类沙丘类别：其一为残留沙丘，即受强烈改造、海拔极低的沙丘残体，此类沙丘在激光雷达数据中辨识度较低，但可通过航空影像识别，其二为人工沙丘，即通过人工方式（常采用沙袋堆砌）修复重建的沙丘体，此类沙丘随时间推移已融入沿海景观，并被植被部分定植覆盖。研究同时识别了特定沙丘地貌的动态特征（前移、不定向稳定）、人类活动干扰程度，以及植被特征要素：包括无根系先锋植物、一年生草本、多年生草本、乔木、乔灌混交群落、灌丛等，并明确了区域内的主要优势植物物种。