Data for habitat suitability analysis

Today, in addition to the destruction and fragmentation of the world's habitats, the invasive species and the damage caused by them, are one of the most important factors in the destruction of ecosystems. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a medium-sized mammal that is placed in mid-levels of the food chain and can affect a wide range of species. Considering the damage done to local ecosystems by this invasive species, habitat assessment and determining the factors affecting its habitat suitability is one of the key steps in managing this species. In this study, using MaxEnt model and examining twelve environmental parameters (altitude, slope, aspect, geological units, soil type, vegetation, land use, distance to villages, distance to main roads, distance to waterways, average temperature and rainfall) in the west of Guilan Province, the habitat suitability of this alien species was determined and the most important factors affecting this suitability were investigated. The results showed that the validity value of the model (AUC) was estimated to be 0.852 and the parameters such as distance to village (34.5%), altitude (24.2%) and land use (15.9%) are among the most important and effective factors. Also, the results showed that 0.60% of study area has high suitability, 6.14% moderate suitability, 24.87% low suitability and 68.36% is unsuitable areas for raccoons. The overall result shows that despite the lack of vast favorable areas for this invasive species, an increase in the number and expansion of this species is very likely, because this species has an omnivorous diet, high adaptability to different environments and conditions, as well as extensive niches. All of these factors cause the raccoon to spread further in the region and consequently increase the risks and damages to the native ecosystem.当下，全球生境不仅遭到破坏与碎片化，外来入侵物种及其引发的危害，亦是导致生态系统退化的关键因素之一。浣熊（Procyon lotor）是一种中等体型的哺乳动物，处于食物链中层，可对众多物种产生影响。鉴于该外来入侵物种对当地生态系统造成的危害，开展生境评估并明确影响其生境适宜性的因素，是该物种管理工作的核心环节之一。 本研究以吉兰省西部为研究区域，采用MaxEnt模型，选取12项环境参数，包括海拔、坡度、坡向、地质单元、土壤类型、植被、土地利用、距居民点距离、距主干道距离、距水道距离、年均气温与降雨量，对该外来入侵物种的生境适宜性进行评估，并探究影响其适宜性的核心因素。研究结果显示，本模型的AUC（曲线下面积）验证值为0.852，其中距居民点距离（34.5%）、海拔（24.2%）与土地利用类型（15.9%）为影响生境适宜性的关键有效参数。此外，研究区域内0.60%的区域为浣熊高适宜生境，6.14%为中适宜生境，24.87%为低适宜生境，剩余68.36%为不适宜生境。 综合研究结果表明，尽管该外来入侵物种在本区域内的适宜生境规模有限，但其种群数量增长与分布扩张的可能性极高：该物种为杂食性动物，对各类环境条件具备极强适应能力，且生态位跨度广泛。上述因素均会推动该物种在本区域内进一步扩散，进而加剧其对本土生态系统的威胁与危害。