Multi-factor experimental results.

This paper designed a mouldboard plough device, and performs performance analysis on the share-type plow body and frame based on numerical simulation methods. Firstly, the effects of forward speed, lugs angle, and the radius of the raised structure on the mouldboard plough’s performance were investigated, utilizing the discrete element method. The effects of these variables are analyzed through the response surface method. Furthermore, the significance of each factor is examined, and optimal parameter combinations are identified. The degree of influence on soil penetration resistance, ranked from largest to smallest, is as follows: forward speed, lugs angle, and mouldboard plough surface convex radius. Specifically, resistance to soil penetration increases with an increase in forward speed, lugs angle, and the radius of the convex structure. The degree of influence on the number of soil disturbance particles is ranked as follows: forward speed, the radius of the convex structure, and lugs angle. The number of soil disturbance particles decreases with an increase in forward speed, increases with a larger radius of the convex structure, and slightly decreases with an increase in the lugs angle. By establishing a regression model, the optimal parameter combination for the mouldboard plough was determined to be a forward speed of 0.8 m/s, a lugs angle of 45°, and a convex structure radius of 9 mm. Then, based on finite element analysis, both static and modal analyses were conducted on the frame of the plow device. The results indicated that, during stable operation of the mouldboard plough, the maximum stress occurs at the hinge joint between the frame and the tractor. The maximum stress value recorded is 24.7 MPa, with a corresponding maximum deformation of 0.02 mm, demonstrating that the designed frame satisfies the static requirements. Furthermore, the first-order natural frequency of the frame is 92 Hz, which is significantly higher than the external excitation frequency, thereby preventing the occurrence of resonance. Finally, the harmonic response analysis was performed on the frame, and the results showed that under the excitation conditions of 90 Hz and 500 Hz, the maximum displacement of the rack was 16.5 mm, and the results showed that it would not affect the working performance of the machine.本研究设计了一款铧式犁（mouldboard plough）装置，并基于数值模拟方法对铧式犁体（share-type plow body）与机架开展性能分析。首先，本研究利用离散元法（discrete element method）探究了前进速度、犁铲安装角以及凸起结构半径对铧式犁作业性能的影响，并通过响应面法（response surface method）分析各变量的作用效果。进一步，对各因素的显著性进行检验，并确定最优参数组合。对土壤切入阻力的影响程度从大到小排序依次为：前进速度、犁铲安装角、铧式犁曲面凸起半径。具体而言，土壤切入阻力随前进速度、犁铲安装角及凸起结构半径的增大而升高。对土壤扰动颗粒数的影响程度排序为：前进速度、凸起结构半径、犁铲安装角。土壤扰动颗粒数随前进速度增大而减少，随凸起结构半径增大而增加，随犁铲安装角增大则略有降低。通过建立回归模型，确定该铧式犁的最优参数组合为：前进速度0.8 m/s、犁铲安装角45°、凸起结构半径9 mm。随后，基于有限元分析（finite element analysis）对该犁装置的机架开展静力学与模态分析。结果表明，铧式犁稳定作业时，机架与拖拉机的铰接处出现最大应力，峰值为24.7 MPa，对应最大变形量为0.02 mm，证明所设计的机架满足静力学要求。此外，该机架的一阶固有频率为92 Hz，远高于外界激励频率，可避免共振现象发生。最后，对机架开展谐响应分析（harmonic response analysis），结果显示在90 Hz与500 Hz的激励条件下，机架的最大位移为16.5 mm，不会对整机作业性能产生负面影响。