Data_Sheet_1_The Effects of Concurrent Training Combining Both Resistance Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Metabolic Syndrome.docx

To date, there are several knowledge gaps on how to properly prescribe concurrent training to achieve the best dose-response, especially regarding the optimal intensity or volume of the aerobic component. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the effects of different aerobic exercise modes and intensities [i.e. aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training (MICT) combined with a resistance training (RT) program] on metabolic outcomes in participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thirty-nine men and women (67.0 ± 6.7 years) volunteered to a 12-weeks exercise intervention (3 week–1, 50 min/session) and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) RT plus MICT (RT+MICT) (2 males; 11 females); (b) RT plus HIIT (RT+HIIT) (4 males; 9 females); and (c) control group (CON) – without formal exercise (4 males; 9 females). Intensity was established between 60 and 70% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) in RT+MICT and ranged from 55–65% to 80–90% HRmax in the RT+HIIT group. Dependent outcomes included morphological, metabolic and hemodynamic variables. Both training groups improved waist circumference (RT+MICT: P = 0.019; RT+HIIT: P = 0.003), but not body weight, fat mass or fat-free mass (P ≥ 0.114). RT+HIIT group improved fasting glucose (P = 0.014), low density lipoprotein [LDL (P = 0.022)], insulin (P = 0.034) and homeostatic model assessment (P = 0.028). RT+MICT group reduced triglycerides (P = 0.053). Both exercise interventions did not change high sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycated hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, systolic, diastolic or mean arterial blood pressure (P ≥ 0.05). The CON group reduced the LDL (P = 0.031). This trial suggests that short-term exercise mode and intensity may differently impact the metabolic profile of individuals with MetS. Further, our data suggests that both concurrent trainings promote important cardiometabolic gains, particularly in the RT+HIIT. Nonetheless, due to the small-to-moderate effect size and the short-term intervention length, our data suggests that the intervention length also has an important modulating role in these benefits in older adults with MetS. Therefore, more research is needed to confirm our results using longer exercise interventions and larger groups.

迄今为止，关于如何合理开具联合训练处方以实现最佳剂量-效应（dose-response）关系，尤其是针对有氧训练部分的最优强度与运动量，学界仍存在诸多认知空白。因此，本研究旨在分析不同有氧训练模式与强度——即有氧高强度间歇训练（high-intensity interval training, HIIT）与中等强度持续有氧训练（moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training, MICT）分别联合抗阻训练（resistance training, RT）方案——对代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome, MetS）患者代谢指标的影响。本研究共招募39名年龄为67.0±6.7岁的男性与女性受试者，所有受试者均参与为期12周的运动干预（每周3次，每次50分钟），并被随机分为三组：(a) 抗阻训练联合中等强度持续有氧训练组（RT+MICT）：男性2名，女性11名；(b) 抗阻训练联合高强度间歇有氧训练组（RT+HIIT）：男性4名，女性9名；(c) 对照组（CON）：无正式运动干预，男性4名，女性9名。RT+MICT组的训练强度设定为最大心率（HRmax）的60%~70%，而RT+HIIT组的强度范围为最大心率的55%~65%至80%~90%。本研究的因变量包括形态学、代谢及血流动力学相关指标。两组训练干预均能改善受试者腰围（RT+MICT组：P=0.019；RT+HIIT组：P=0.003），但对体重、脂肪量或去脂体重无显著影响（P≥0.114）。RT+HIIT组可显著改善受试者空腹血糖（P=0.014）、低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein, LDL，P=0.022）、胰岛素水平（P=0.034）及稳态模型评估指数（P=0.028）。RT+MICT组可降低受试者甘油三酯水平（P=0.053）。两组运动干预均未对高敏C反应蛋白、糖化血红蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇以及收缩压、舒张压或平均动脉压产生显著影响（P≥0.05）。对照组受试者的低密度脂蛋白水平出现显著降低（P=0.031）。本试验结果表明，短期运动模式与强度对代谢综合征患者的代谢谱可产生差异化影响。此外，本研究数据显示，两种联合训练方案均可带来显著的心血管代谢获益，其中RT+HIIT组的获益尤为突出。但鉴于本研究的效应量偏小至中等，且干预周期较短，本研究数据同时表明，干预时长对代谢综合征老年患者的上述获益具有重要的调节作用。因此，未来需开展更长周期的运动干预及更大样本量的研究，以验证本研究结论。