Mare de Déu

Theotokos ( is a title of Mary, mother of Jesus, used especially in Eastern Christianity. The usual Latin translations, Dei Genetrix or Deipara (approximately parent (fem.) of God), are translated as Mother of God or God-bearer. The Council of Ephesus decreed in 431 that Mary is the Theotokos because her son Jesus is both God and man: one divine person with two natures (divine and human) intimately and hypostatically united. Theotokos is also used as the term for an Eastern icon, or type of icon, of the Mother with Child (in the western tradition typically called a Madonna, as in the Theotokos of Vladimir both for the original 12th-century icon and for icons that are copies or imitate its composition.Similar to this is the title of Mother of God (Greek Μήτηρ (του) Θεοῦ; abbreviated ΜΡ ΘΥ, Latin Mater Dei). Mother of God (and equivalents) is most often used in English (and other modern western languages), largely due to the lack of a satisfactory equivalent of Greek τόκος / Latin genetrix.The title has been in use since the 3rd century, in the Syriac tradition (Yoldath Alloho) in the Liturgy of Mari and Addai (3rd century) and the Liturgy of St James (4th century).天主之母（Theotokos）是耶稣之母马利亚的专属称谓，尤其在东方基督教中被广泛使用。其常见拉丁语译法为Dei Genetrix与Deipara（大致意为“天主之母”），中文通常译作“天主之母”或“生神女”。公元431年，以弗所公会议（Council of Ephesus）正式颁布法令，明确马利亚可被称为天主之母，这是因为其子耶稣兼具神性与人性：二者紧密且位格性地结合为一个单一的神性位格。天主之母（Theotokos）同时也可指代一类描绘圣母子的东方圣像，在西方传统中这类圣像通常被称为Madonna；例如弗拉基米尔天主之母像（Theotokos of Vladimir），其既指12世纪的原作，也包括仿照其构图创作的各类复制品。 与之类似的还有“天主之母”这一头衔，其希腊语原文为Μήτηρ (του) Θεοῦ，缩写为ΜΡ ΘΥ，拉丁语表述为Mater Dei。“天主之母”（及其等价称谓）在英语及其他现代西方语言中最为常用，这主要是由于难以找到与希腊语τόκος及拉丁语genetrix完全对等的译法。该头衔自3世纪起便已投入使用，在叙利亚传统的《马利亚与达陡礼拜仪式》（3世纪）以及《圣雅各礼拜仪式》（4世纪）中均有记载，其叙利亚语表述为Yoldath Alloho。