Supplementary Material for: Italian Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of S-3-NIV Questionnaire for Patients on Long-Term Home Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation

Background: Long Term Home NonInvasive ventilation (LTH-NIV) supports patients with chronic respiratory failure.The S-3-NIV questionnaire is an easy and quick tool to evaluate outpatients initiated to home mechanical ventilation. The aim of our study was to translate and validate the Italian version of the S3-NIV questionnaire and test its internal consistency and factorial structure, providing with Italian cultural adaptation of the original S-3-NIV questionnaire. Methods: This is a prospective, national, observational, multicenter study enrolling consecutive out-patients accessing between December 2023 and June 2024 to a dedicated ambulatory for chronic respiratory failure requiring LTH-NIV for different underlying diseases (i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), neuromuscular disorders (NMD), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)) . Construct reliability was tested. Results: The Translation and back-translation process from the English version was performed. A total of 228 out of 340 screened patients were enrolled Internal consistency of the total score was good (Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.84) as well as for the ‘respiratory symptoms’ and the ‘sleep and side effects’ subdomains (0.82 and 0.74, respectively). Kaiser exploratory analysis confirmed good homogeneity: 0,85. Patients with NMD showed a significantly S3-NIV total and respiratory lower score compared to the group of patients with OHS. Conclusion: The S3-NIV questionnaire Italian translation and cultural adaptation has good global reliability and internal consistency. This tool has been confirmed to be a simple, quickly available and easy-to-use tool for the outpatients clinical assessment of stable patients with chronic respiratory failure initiated on LTH-NIV.背景：长期家庭无创通气（Long Term Home NonInvasive ventilation, LTH-NIV）用于为慢性呼吸衰竭患者提供支持。S-3-NIV问卷是一款简便快捷的工具，用于评估启动家庭机械通气的门诊患者。本研究旨在完成S3-NIV问卷意大利语版本的翻译与验证，检验其内部一致性与因子结构，并完成原始S-3-NIV问卷的意大利文化调适。 方法：本研究为一项前瞻性、全国性、观察性多中心研究，纳入2023年12月至2024年6月期间，于针对因不同基础疾病（即慢性阻塞性肺疾病（Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD）、神经肌肉疾病（Neuromuscular Disorders, NMD）、肥胖低通气综合征（Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome, OHS））需接受长期家庭无创通气的慢性呼吸衰竭患者的专科门诊就诊的连续门诊患者。研究检验了结构信度。 结果：完成了英文版本的翻译与回译流程。共筛查340例患者，最终纳入228例。总评分的内部一致性良好（克朗巴赫α系数（Cronbach’s α）为0.84），“呼吸道症状”与“睡眠及不良反应”两个子维度亦表现良好（分别为0.82与0.74）。凯泽探索性分析证实同质性良好：0.85。神经肌肉疾病患者的S3-NIV总分及呼吸道症状评分显著低于肥胖低通气综合征患者组。 结论：S-3-NIV问卷的意大利语翻译与文化调适版本具备良好的整体信度与内部一致性。该工具被证实为一款简便、快捷且易用的工具，可用于评估启动长期家庭无创通气的慢性呼吸衰竭稳定门诊患者的临床状况。