Exploring Teachers’ Perceptions of Unintentional Bias: Toward their Latino/a/é Spanish-Speaking English Learners

Thematic analysis was used for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns in qualitative data through description of the themes. The raw data were organized into columns, where the first column was used to highlight any terms or phrases that could be used to answer the research questions. The second column was used to assign preliminary codes to these phrases and the final column was used to identify predetermined and emergent patterns. Predetermined and emergent patterns were organized based on word frequency, for example, the term unintentional bias represented a predetermined pattern, as it was present in the interview protocol and the raw data, whereas the terms empathy and trauma emerged from the raw data but were not used in the interview protocol.

本研究采用主题分析法（Thematic analysis），通过主题描述对质性数据中的模式开展识别、分析与呈现工作。原始数据被整理为三列结构：第一列用于标注可用于解答研究问题的各类术语与短语；第二列用于为上述短语赋予初步编码；第三列则用于识别预设模式与浮现模式。预设模式与浮现模式将基于词频进行整理，例如术语“无意偏差（unintentional bias）”属于预设模式，因其同时出现在访谈提纲与原始数据中；而术语“共情（empathy）”与“创伤（trauma）”则源自原始数据，但并未被纳入访谈提纲。