<p>Respondent experience.</p>

Construction projects are exposed to numerous risks that may adversely affect project cost and duration. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize key construction risks by combining a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) with a Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) and analyzing these risks using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) risk matrices. In total, 63 risk factors were identified and categorized into five main areas of the work breakdown structure: earthwork, concrete, finishing, mechanical, and electrical. The questionnaire was designed based on each risk category and then sent to engineers, who were asked to estimate the risk probability and its impact. In total, 378 engineers responded. The respondents data were analyzed by using the risk matrix method. Two separate 3D risk matrices were made: one was based on multiplying all three data points, and the other was based on combining both impacts. The results clearly show that the 3D matrix, which combines cost and time impact, yields more accurate results than the matrix that multiplies cost impact and time impact.

建筑工程项目面临诸多风险，这些风险可能对项目成本与工期造成不利影响。本研究旨在通过将工作分解结构（Work Breakdown Structure，WBS）与风险分解结构（Risk Breakdown Structure，RBS）相结合，并借助二维（2D）与三维（3D）风险矩阵对各类风险进行分析，从而识别并排序关键建筑工程风险。本研究共识别出63项风险因素，并将其归类至工作分解结构的五大核心板块：土方工程、混凝土工程、装饰装修工程、机械工程与电气工程。研究团队基于各风险类别设计了调查问卷，并将其发放给工程师群体，要求其评估风险发生概率与影响程度。最终共回收378份工程师有效回复。研究采用风险矩阵法对受访者反馈的数据进行分析。本次研究构建了两套独立的三维风险矩阵：其一基于三个数据维度的乘积进行计算，其二则结合两类影响维度进行整合。研究结果清晰表明，结合成本与工期影响的三维风险矩阵，相较于仅对成本影响与工期影响进行乘积计算的矩阵，能够得到更为精准的分析结果。