Pelvic, anorectal and urinary symptoms according to the nutritional status of adult women: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT To review the occurrence of pelvic, anorectal and urinary symptoms according to the nutritional status of adultwomen. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 54 women, aged 18 to 35 years, divided into normal weight (<25kg/m2), overweight (25kg/m2 to 29.99kg/m2) and obesity (≥30kg/m2) according to the body mass index. The presence of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction symptoms was assessed by the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory and the impact of these symptoms by the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory total score was 22.95 (SD=26.11) in the eutrophic group and 59.67 (SD=47.80) in the obesity group (p=0.01). Considering the scales, urinary symptoms were higher in obese women than in the eutrophic group (p=0.01). In the assessment of patients with each symptom, a difference (p<0.01) was observed in incomplete bowel emptying, in which the highest frequency occurred in overweight women (47.4%) compared to eutrophic and obese women (both 26.3%). Urinary incontinence symptoms (18.2% in eutrophic women, 27.3% overweight and 54.5% obese), stress urinary incontinence (8.3% eutrophic, 41.7% overweight and 50.0%, obese) and difficulty in emptying the bladder (0.0% eutrophic, 33.3% overweight and 66.7% obese) exhibited higher frequencies (p=0.03; p<0,01 and p=0.02, respectively) in obese women. Conclusion Symptoms of pelvic floor muscles dysfunction, especially urinary tract muscles, occur more frequently in obese adult women when compared to eutrophic women.

摘要 本研究旨在基于成年女性的营养状况，探讨盆腔、肛肠及泌尿系统症状的发生情况。方法 本研究为一项横断面研究（cross-sectional study），共纳入54名年龄18~35岁的女性，依据体质量指数（Body Mass Index, BMI）分为体重正常组（BMI＜25kg/m²）、超重组（25kg/m²≤BMI≤29.99kg/m²）及肥胖组（BMI≥30kg/m²）。采用盆底窘迫量表（Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory, PFDI）评估盆底肌功能障碍症状的发生情况，采用盆底影响问卷（Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire, PFIQ）评估此类症状对患者的影响程度。本研究采用描述性统计与推断性统计方法，检验水准设定为5%。结果 营养正常组的盆底窘迫量表总分为22.95（标准差SD=26.11），肥胖组为59.67（SD=47.80），组间差异具有统计学意义（p=0.01）。按各维度分析可见，肥胖女性的泌尿系统症状发生率高于营养正常组（p=0.01）。针对各单一症状开展评估时，排便不尽感的组间差异具有统计学意义（p<0.01）：超重女性的排便不尽感发生率最高，达47.4%，而营养正常组与肥胖组的发生率均为26.3%。尿失禁症状（营养正常组18.2%、超重组27.3%、肥胖组54.5%）、压力性尿失禁（营养正常组8.3%、超重组41.7%、肥胖组50.0%）及排尿困难（营养正常组0.0%、超重组33.3%、肥胖组66.7%）的发生率在肥胖女性中均更高，组间差异分别具有统计学意义（p=0.03；p<0.01；p=0.02）。结论 与营养正常的成年女性相比，肥胖成年女性的盆底肌功能障碍症状（尤其是泌尿系统肌群相关症状）发生率更高。