The march of mixed flows through Costa Rica in the light of some theories that describe migrations in the XXI century

Abstract This article makes a theoretical link (Bauman, Sassen, Salazar and Glick-Schiller) between the so-called migration mixed flows phenomenon, passing through Costa Rica. In this, it is evident that these flows are product of an increasingly strong neoliberal approach on human behaviour, with a clear pressure to eliminate market restrictions and a weakening of National States. Naturally, this provokes a process of social selection of aptitude to join new socioeconomic processes. The sectors of the population that cannot adapt will have to search for opportunities in other latitudes, regardless of the distances and sacrifices that this entails. This is the case of migrations of mixed flows passing through Costa Rica to the United States. These migrants face not only a daunting journey, but as 2020, they collide with the closure of borders in the region due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

摘要 本文将途经哥斯达黎加的所谓混合移民潮现象，与鲍曼（Bauman）、萨森（Sassen）、萨拉查（Salazar）及格利克-施勒（Glick-Schiller）的理论建立了关联。研究表明，此类移民潮实为愈演愈烈的新自由主义人类行为范式的产物，其蕴含消除市场限制的明确诉求，同时也伴随民族国家权力不断弱化的趋势。这自然催生了针对适配新型社会经济进程的个体能力开展社会筛选的过程。无法适应者不得不远赴他乡寻觅机遇，全然不顾其间的迢迢路途与所需付出的种种牺牲。经哥斯达黎加前往美国的混合移民潮正是这一情形的典型写照。这些移民不仅要面临艰险万分的迁徙之路，时至2020年，更因新冠疫情（COVID-19 pandemic）遭遇该区域的边境封锁。