Table_1_Effects of exogenous calcium on flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation in peanut roots under salt stress through multi-omics.XLSX

Flavonoids possess antioxidant properties and are crucial in enhancing plant resistance to abiotic stress. Exogenous calcium has been found to regulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids. However, the mechanism by which exogenous calcium influences flavonoid regulation in peanut roots under salt stress remains unclear. In this study, four treatment conditions were established: no salt stress, salt stress, exogenous calcium, and a combination of salt stress and exogenous calcium. The peanut root flavonoid profile was comprehensively analyzed using both a broadly targeted metabolomic approach and an absolute quantitative flavonoid metabolome. A total of 168 flavonoids were identified in the broad-target metabolome, while 68 were quantified in the absolute quantification analysis. The findings revealed that salt stress generally increased flavonoid content in peanut roots, while co-treatment with exogenous calcium significantly reduced this accumulation. Additionally, the activities of key enzymes and the expression of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated under salt stress, but downregulated following the combined treatment. This study offers valuable insights into the physiological and ecological roles of flavonoids in response to environmental stressors in economically important crops.

类黄酮（Flavonoids）具有抗氧化特性，且在增强植物抵御非生物胁迫的能力方面至关重要。已有研究证实，外源钙可调控包括类黄酮在内的次生代谢产物的生物合成与积累。然而，盐胁迫条件下，外源钙如何影响花生根系中类黄酮的调控机制，目前仍不明晰。本研究设置了四组处理条件：无盐胁迫组、盐胁迫组、外源钙单独处理组，以及盐胁迫与外源钙联合处理组。本研究采用广靶代谢组学（broadly targeted metabolomic）与类黄酮绝对定量代谢组两种方法，对花生根系的类黄酮谱进行了全面分析。广靶代谢组学分析共鉴定出168种类黄酮，而绝对定量分析则定量了68种类黄酮。研究结果显示，盐胁迫通常会提升花生根系的类黄酮含量，而外源钙与盐胁迫联合处理则可显著抑制这一积累过程。此外，盐胁迫下类黄酮生物合成通路中的关键酶活性与相关基因表达均被上调，而联合处理后则出现下调。本研究为解析经济作物中类黄酮响应环境胁迫的生理与生态功能提供了宝贵参考。