Data_Sheet_1_A Review of the Impact of Neuter Status on Expression of Inherited Conditions in Dogs.PDF

Gonadectomy is an important reproductive management tool employed in many countries, and is highly prevalent in the US with an estimated 85% of dogs being neutered. Despite the societal benefits in pet population control, negative associations between neuter status, and health conditions have been reported in recent years. Most particularly observed are the consequences of early age neutering. Knowing that different physiological systems rely upon gonadal steroids during development and physiological maintenance, studies have been undertaken to assess the impact of neuter status on multiple body and organ systems. For some inherited conditions, neutering is associated with an increased risk of expression. Neutering has also been associated with altered metabolism and a predisposition for weight gain in dogs, which may confound the detected risk association between neutering and disease expression. This review summarizes the effects of neutering on cancer, orthopedic, and immune disorders in the dog and also explores the potentially exacerbating factor of body weight.

性腺摘除术（gonadectomy）是全球多国广泛采用的重要繁殖管理手段，在美国普及率极高，据估算约85%的犬只接受过绝育手术。尽管其在宠物种群数量管控方面具备社会价值，但近年来已有研究报道绝育状态与多种健康问题之间存在负面关联，其中尤以早期绝育所引发的后果最为突出。鉴于不同生理系统在发育及生理维持阶段均依赖性腺类固醇激素，学界已开展多项研究以评估绝育状态对犬只多身体系统及器官功能的影响。针对部分遗传性疾病，绝育与疾病表型风险升高存在关联。此外，绝育还会改变犬只的代谢状态，并使其更容易出现体重增加的情况，这一因素可能会干扰绝育与疾病表型之间风险关联的检测结果。本综述总结了绝育对犬类癌症、骨科及免疫类疾病的影响，并探讨了体重这一可能加剧相关风险的因素。