Physiological performance test result.

This study aimed to: (i) analyze the load characteristics of 4 weeks cross-country skiing altitude training; (ii) analyze the relationships between methods of monitoring training load and physiological indicators changes of elite male Chinese cross-country skiers during this period. Practitioners collected load data during 4 weeks of altitude training camp. Participants performed maximal oxygen uptake, lactate threshold, body composition, and skierg power test before and after the training camp to investigate the changes in physiological performance. Edwards TRIMP, Lucia TRIMP, and session rating of perceived exertion were collected as internal load. Training distance, time recorded by the Catapult module were collected as external load. The result revealed a " pyramid " pattern in the load characteristics during the altitude training camp. The correlation between luTRIMP and percent change in physiological indicators was highest. Percentage changes in lactate threshold velocity (r = .78 [95% CI -.01 to .98]), percentage changes in lactate threshold HR (r = .71 [95% CI .14- .99]), percentage changes in maximum HR (r = .83 [95% CI .19–1.00]), percentage changes in skierg power-to-weight ratio (r = .75 [95% CI -.28 to .98]) had very large relationships with luTRIMP. In cross-country skiing altitude training, training loads should be reasonably controlled to ensure that athletes do not become overly fatigued. Methods of training load monitoring that combine with athletes’ physiological characteristics and program characteristics have the highest dose-response relationships, it is an important aspect of cross-country ski training load monitoring. The luTRIMP could be a good monitoring tool in cross-country skiing altitude training.本研究旨在达成以下目标：(i) 分析4周越野滑雪高原训练的负荷特征；(ii) 探究中国优秀男子越野滑雪运动员在该训练周期内，训练负荷监测方法与生理指标变化之间的关联。研究人员在为期4周的高原训练营期间采集了训练负荷相关数据。受试者于训练营前后分别完成最大摄氧量测试、乳酸阈测试、身体成分分析以及滑雪测功仪功率测试（skierg power test），以评估其生理机能的变化情况。内部负荷采集指标包括爱德华兹训练负荷脉冲（Edwards TRIMP）、卢西亚训练负荷脉冲（Lucia TRIMP，后文简称luTRIMP）以及训练自觉劳累分级评分（session rating of perceived exertion）；外部负荷指标则涵盖训练距离与Catapult模块记录的训练时长。研究结果显示，高原训练营期间的训练负荷特征呈现"金字塔"分布模式。其中，luTRIMP与生理指标变化百分比的相关性最高：乳酸阈速度变化百分比（r=0.78，95%置信区间[-0.01, 0.98]）、乳酸阈心率变化百分比（r=0.71，95%置信区间[0.14, 0.99]）、最大心率变化百分比（r=0.83，95%置信区间[0.19, 1.00]）以及滑雪测功仪功率体重比变化百分比（r=0.75，95%置信区间[-0.28, 0.98]）与luTRIMP均存在极强的相关性。在越野滑雪高原训练实践中，应合理调控训练负荷，以避免运动员出现过度疲劳。结合运动员生理特征与训练计划特征的训练负荷监测方法，其剂量-反应关联度最高，这是越野滑雪训练负荷监测的核心方向之一。luTRIMP可作为越野滑雪高原训练中有效的负荷监测工具。