Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality (NESP TWQ 5.2, AIMS, JCU and AIMS@JCU)

This dataset consists of one spreadsheet, which shows the survival, number of polyps and ability to remove sediment of up to fourteen weeks old Acropora millepora coral recruits while being exposed to three different climate scenarios resembling current climate conditions and conditions expected by mid and end of the century. Coral recruit resilience towards sedimentation was tested by exposing the recruits either five- and ten-weeks following settlement (experiment 1) or only ten-weeks following settlement (experiment 2). Additional tabs show temperature, pCO2 and sediment loads used in the experiment. The study was conducted at the National Sea Simulator.The aim of this study was to 1) identify lethal concentration thresholds for coral recruits under simultaneous exposure to climate stress (temperature and pCO2) and sedimentation and 2) identify survival mechanisms (i.e., number of polyps, sediment removal capability).This data will inform the development of water-quality management guidelines, a key aim of NESP project 5.2. The full research report can be found at:Brunner CA, Uthicke S, Ricardo GF, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP (2020) Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality. Science of the Total Environment, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143897Methods:Coral recruits of Acropora millepora, a branching coral species abundant in shallow reefs on the Great Barrier Reef, were raised for 14 weeks in ‘current’ and realistic ‘medium’ and ‘high’ climate scenarios (increased temperature and acidification), and were exposed to six environmentally relevant sediment deposition loads typical of flood plumes and dredging operations. The sedimentation events were simulated at different recruit ages: (1) five- and ten-weeks following settlement, and (2) after ten weeks only. One-hour following sediment exposures, sediment removal capabilities were photographically quantified. After a four-week recovery phase, survival and polyp numbers were documented photographically and the data are presented here.Specific details of the methodology may be found in:Brunner CA, Uthicke S, Ricardo GF, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP (2020) Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality. Science of the Total Environment, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143897Format:This dataset consists of one excel workbook xlsx.Data Dictionary:Experiment tabDATE SETTLEMENT - Date of coral larvae settlement, t0DATE MEASUREMENT - Date survival and polyp numbers were documentedAGE - age in weeks following settlementEXPERIMENT - (1): Coral recruits were exposed for three days to sedimentation when 5 and 10 weeks old; (2): Coral recruits were exposed for three days to sedimentation when 10 weeks old, see also "date sediment exposure"CLIMATE SCENARIO - climate scenarios based on manipulated temperature and pCO2, see "Temperatures" and "pCO2" tab for detailsID TANK - identification number of climate controllable aquariumID DISC TRAY - identification number of tray where the discs were mounted ID DISC - identification number of discs where coral recruits settled onID RECRUIT PER DISC - identification number of each recruit on each discSEDIMENT (mg / cm²) - sediment loadNUMBER OF POLYPS - number of alive polypsCORAL ALIVE - (1): coral is alive, (0): coral is dead DATE SEDIMENT EXPOSURE - timeframe of sedimentation, NA shows that no sediment was applied in this periodSEDIMENT FREE AFTER 1 HOUR - (1): coral was sediment free 1h after sediment was applied, (0): coral was not sediment freeTemperature tabDATE - date of temperature measurementTIME - time of temperature measurementCORAL AGE (WEEKS AFTER SETTLEMENT) - age in weeks following settlementCURRENT TEMPERATURE (°C) - 26.2 – 28.7MEDIUM TEMPERATURE (°C) - Current + 0.6HIGH TEMPERATURE (°C) - Current + 1.2pCO2 tabDATE - date of pCO2 measurementTIME - time of pCO2 measurementCORAL AGE (WEEKS AFTER SETTLEMENT) - age in weeks following settlementCURRENT pCO2 (ppm) - 410 ± 50MEDIUM pCO2 (ppm) - 680 ± 50HIGH pCO2 (ppm) - 940 ± 50Sediment tabCLIMATE SCENARIO - climate scenarios based on manipulated temperature and pCO2, see "Temperatures" and "pCO2" tab for detailsID TANK - identification number of climate controllable aquariumID DISC TRAY - identification number of tray where the discs were mounted ID DISC -identification number of discs where coral recruits settled onFILTER PREMASS (g) - Weight of 0.4 µm polycarbonate filtersFILTER WITH SEDIMENT (g) - weight of dried (60 °C for greater than or equal to 24 hours) 0.4 µm polycarbonate filters with sedimentSEDIMENT ON FILTER (g) - weight of filter with sediment - filter premassDISC SURFACE (cm²) - disc surface area based on 2 cm diameterSEDIMENT INITIALLY APPLIED (mg / cm²) - sediment load at the beginning of the sediment deposition experimentSEDIMENT REMAINING AFTER THREE DAYS (mg/cm²) - sediment load at the end of the sediment deposition experimentReferences:Brunner CA, Uthicke S, Ricardo GF, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP (2020) Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality. Science of the Total Environment, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143897Data Location:This dataset is filed in the eAtlas enduring data repository at: dataesp5\5.2_Cumulative-impacts

本数据集包含一份电子表格，记录了14周龄以内的微孔鹿角珊瑚（Acropora millepora）幼体在三种不同气候情景下的存活情况、息肉数量及沉积物清除能力。三种情景分别模拟当前气候条件，以及本世纪中期和末期的预期气候条件。针对珊瑚幼体的抗沉积物胁迫能力，实验设置了两种处理方式：分别在幼体固着后第5、10周进行沉积物暴露（实验1），或仅在固着后第10周进行沉积物暴露（实验2）。此外，表格的其他工作表分别记录了实验中使用的温度、二氧化碳分压（pCO2）及沉积物负荷数据。本研究在国家海洋模拟器（National Sea Simulator）中开展。

本研究旨在达成两大目标：1）明确同时暴露于气候胁迫（温度与pCO2升高）与沉积物胁迫下的珊瑚幼体致死浓度阈值；2）解析珊瑚幼体的存活机制（即息肉数量、沉积物清除能力）。本数据将为水质管理指南的制定提供依据，而这也是澳大利亚国家环境科学计划（NESP）5.2项目的核心目标之一。完整研究报告可参阅：Brunner CA, Uthicke S, Ricardo GF, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP (2020) Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality. Science of the Total Environment, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143897

实验方法：本研究以大堡礁浅礁优势分枝型珊瑚——微孔鹿角珊瑚的幼体为实验材料，在模拟当前、中等及极端气候情景（升温与酸化）的环境中培育14周，并设置6种与洪水羽流及疏浚作业典型排放水平相当的沉积物沉积负荷。沉积物暴露实验分别在两个幼体年龄节点开展：（1）固着后第5、10周；（2）仅固着后第10周。沉积物暴露1小时后，通过摄影定量记录珊瑚幼体的沉积物清除能力。经过4周的恢复阶段后，通过摄影记录珊瑚幼体的存活情况与息肉数量，相关数据即为本数据集内容。实验方法的详细细节可参阅：Brunner CA, Uthicke S, Ricardo GF, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP (2020) Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality. Science of the Total Environment, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143897

数据格式：本数据集为一份Excel工作簿（.xlsx格式）。

数据字典：
1. Experiment工作表
- "DATE SETTLEMENT"：珊瑚幼体固着日期，即实验起始时间（t0）
- "DATE MEASUREMENT"：记录珊瑚幼体存活情况与息肉数量的日期
- "AGE"：幼体固着后的周龄
- "EXPERIMENT"：实验分组，(1)：幼体在5周和10周龄时分别接受3天沉积物暴露；(2)：幼体仅在10周龄时接受3天沉积物暴露，详见"DATE SEDIMENT EXPOSURE"字段
- "CLIMATE SCENARIO"：基于调控温度与pCO2设置的气候情景，详细参数见"Temperatures"与"pCO2"工作表
- "ID TANK"：气候可控水族箱编号
- "ID DISC TRAY"：承载珊瑚附着碟片的托盘编号
- "ID DISC"：珊瑚幼体附着的碟片编号
- "ID RECRUIT PER DISC"：单个碟片上每只珊瑚幼体的编号
- "SEDIMENT (mg / cm²)"：沉积物负荷
- "NUMBER OF POLYPS"：存活息肉数量
- "CORAL ALIVE"：珊瑚存活状态，(1)为存活，(0)为死亡
- "DATE SEDIMENT EXPOSURE"：沉积物暴露时间段，NA表示该时段未施加沉积物
- "SEDIMENT FREE AFTER 1 HOUR"：沉积物暴露1小时后珊瑚的清洁状态，(1)为沉积物完全清除，(0)为仍有沉积物残留

2. Temperature工作表
- "DATE"：温度测量日期
- "TIME"：温度测量时间
- "CORAL AGE (WEEKS AFTER SETTLEMENT)"：幼体固着后的周龄
- "CURRENT TEMPERATURE (°C)"：当前情景温度范围：26.2–28.7℃
- "MEDIUM TEMPERATURE (°C)"：中等情景温度：当前温度+0.6℃
- "HIGH TEMPERATURE (°C)"：极端情景温度：当前温度+1.2℃

3. pCO2工作表
- "DATE"：pCO2测量日期
- "TIME"：pCO2测量时间
- "CORAL AGE (WEEKS AFTER SETTLEMENT)"：幼体固着后的周龄
- "CURRENT pCO2 (ppm)"：当前情景pCO2：410±50ppm
- "MEDIUM pCO2 (ppm)"：中等情景pCO2：680±50ppm
- "HIGH pCO2 (ppm)"：极端情景pCO2：940±50ppm

4. Sediment工作表
- "CLIMATE SCENARIO"：基于调控温度与pCO2设置的气候情景，详细参数见"Temperatures"与"pCO2"工作表
- "ID TANK"：气候可控水族箱编号
- "ID DISC TRAY"：承载珊瑚附着碟片的托盘编号
- "ID DISC"：珊瑚幼体附着的碟片编号
- "FILTER PREMASS (g)"：0.4μm聚碳酸酯滤膜的初始重量
- "FILTER WITH SEDIMENT (g)"：经60℃烘干≥24小时后，承载沉积物的0.4μm聚碳酸酯滤膜总重量
- "SEDIMENT ON FILTER (g)"：滤膜上沉积物的重量，即"FILTER WITH SEDIMENT"与"FILTER PREMASS"的差值
- "DISC SURFACE (cm²)"：基于2cm直径计算的碟片表面积
- "SEDIMENT INITIALLY APPLIED (mg / cm²)"：沉积物沉积实验初始时的负荷
- "SEDIMENT REMAINING AFTER THREE DAYS (mg/cm²)"：沉积物沉积实验结束时剩余的负荷

参考文献：Brunner CA, Uthicke S, Ricardo GF, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP (2020) Climate change doubles sedimentation-induced coral recruit mortality. Science of the Total Environment, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143897

数据存储位置：本数据集归档于eAtlas持久化数据仓库，路径为：dataesp5\5.2_Cumulative-impacts