Data_Sheet_1_Medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols and di-unsaturated fatty acyl-palmitoyl-glycerols in Chinese human milk: Association with region during the lactation.docx

The triacylglycerols (TAGs) of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) and di-unsaturated fatty acyl-palmitoyl-glycerols (UPU) in human milk provide better nutritional effects, and should be prioritized as crucial focuses on neonatal nutrition research. However, little has been done on the influences of the lactation stage and regional diversity on MLCT and UPU. In this study, we collected 204 human milk samples during colostrum, 1st and 4th month from the north (Baotou), central (Beijing), east (Jinan), southwest (Kunming), southeast (Shenzhen), and northwest (Xining) regions of China. There were 122 species of TAGs detected with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, including 60 kinds of MLCT and 15 kinds of UPU. The MLCT and UPU type TAGs in human milk were ~27 and ~38%, respectively. The sum content of MLCT and UPU in human milk was stable. Compared to the regional diversity, lactation stages showed more obvious influences on MLCT and UPU composition. Moreover, a summary of TAG studies indicated that Chinese human milk showed a higher ratio of O-P-L to O-P-O than in western countries.

人乳中的中长链三酰甘油（MLCT）与二不饱和脂肪酰基棕榈酰甘油（UPU）类三酰甘油（TAGs）具备更优异的营养学功效，应作为新生儿营养研究的核心重点予以优先关注。然而目前针对泌乳阶段与地域差异对MLCT及UPU的影响相关研究仍较为匮乏。本研究采集了中国北方（包头）、中部（北京）、东部（济南）、西南（昆明）、东南（深圳）及西北（西宁）6个地区的初乳、产后1个月及产后4个月母乳样本共计204份。通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）共检测到122种TAGs，其中包含60种MLCT与15种UPU。人乳中MLCT与UPU型TAGs的占比分别约为27%与38%，二者的总含量相对稳定。相较于地域差异，泌乳阶段对MLCT与UPU的组成具有更为显著的影响。此外，对现有三酰甘油相关研究的汇总分析显示，中国母乳中O-P-L相较于O-P-O的占比高于西方国家。