Cross-cultural adaptation, content validity, and item analysis of the Objective and Subjective Knowledge and HIV Testing Scale for the Brazilian population

Abstract Objectives To propose a Portuguese version of the Objective and Subjective Knowledge and HIV Testing Scale (OSK-HIV-TS), assess its content validity, and perform item analysis after administration to a sample of undergraduate students. Methods Three translators translated the OSK-HIV-TS into Portuguese. Judges evaluated each item of a consensus version of the translated instrument for semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalence. A consensus committee reviewed a back-translation against the original version of the OSK-HIV-TS. Content validity was calculated with the content validity index (CVI) and item analysis was conducted using Classical Test Theory (CTT). Results The translated scale achieved semantic, idiomatic, conceptual, and cultural equivalence to the original version. A total of 491 undergraduate students participated and the distribution of students’ responses to the OSK-HIV-TS revealed a high proportion of correct answers. All items were classified as easy or very easy and only item 16 was classified having strong discrimination power according to the discrimination index. Conclusion The OSK-HIV-TS is a novel instrument in the Brazilian literature for assessing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge and should inspire more research into HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) behavior and associated factors, which, despite being essential and necessary, is still lacking in the Brazilian literature.

摘要
研究目标：旨在编制客观主观知识与HIV检测量表（Objective and Subjective Knowledge and HIV Testing Scale, OSK-HIV-TS）的葡萄牙语版本，评估其内容效度，并在面向本科生样本施测后开展项目分析。
研究方法：由三名翻译人员将OSK-HIV-TS译为葡萄牙语；邀请评审专家对达成共识的译制量表各条目开展语义、习语、文化及概念等效性评估；共识委员会将回译版本与OSK-HIV-TS原始版本进行比对校核。内容效度采用内容效度指数（content validity index, CVI）进行计算，项目分析则基于经典测验理论（Classical Test Theory, CTT）实施。
研究结果：译制量表与原始版本达成语义、习语、概念及文化等效性。共计491名本科生参与本研究，学生对OSK-HIV-TS的作答分布显示正确作答占比较高。所有条目均被评定为简单或极简单，仅条目16依据鉴别指数被判定具有较强鉴别力。
研究结论：OSK-HIV-TS是巴西学界用于评估人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus, HIV）知识水平的新型测评工具，可为后续开展巴西地区HIV/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS）相关行为及影响因素的研究提供借鉴。尽管此类研究具备必要性与重要性，但巴西学界相关研究仍较为匮乏。