The effect of migratory beekeeping on Indian honey bee (<i>Apis cerana indica</i>) microbiota – a first report
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Migratory beekeeping is a widely extended practice aimed at increasing the yield of honey and pollination services. Microbial symbionts that inhabit the honey bee’s gut are essential to their host’s food digestion, immunity, and gut protection. Throughout the honey bee life cycle and at several migratory sites, the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota changes. However, it is yet unknown how significant changes in migratory locations, such as altered floral supply, parasitism and pathogen infestation, affect the dynamics of the gut microbiota. The goal of this study was to describe the Indian honey bee (<i>Apis cerana indica</i>) gut microbiome at different migratory sites of Puducherry and Tamil Nadu. Our results found that the core bacterial composition of the microbiota was consistent over different migratory sites. Despite this stability, our comparisons of the microbiota of honey bees from the same colony show that there are differences in composition at different migratory sites. Likewise, there is variation in relative abundance between microbiomes of different migratory sites. The four most dominant phyla were Proteobacteria followed by Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes. Most of the isolates belonged to families of Xanthomonadaceae, Orbaceae, Weeksellaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Neisseriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Dysgonomonadaceae, Clostridiaceae and Enterococcaceae. However, several commensal bacteria that proliferate in the hive environment including members of Lactobacillaceae (<i>Lactobacillus kunkeei</i>), Bifidobacteriaceae, Orbaceae and Neisseriaceae were also identified and considered as beneficial gut inhabitants and involved in the maintenance of a healthy microbiota. This is the first report on bee gut microbiota from Puducherry and Tamil Nadu geographically situated at the southeast coast of India.
转地养蜂（Migratory beekeeping）是一种应用广泛的养殖模式，旨在提升蜂蜜产量与授粉服务效益。栖息于蜜蜂肠道的微生物共生体对于宿主的食物消化、免疫功能及肠道防护至关重要。在蜜蜂整个生命周期以及多个转地养殖位点中，肠道菌群的分类学组成会发生动态变化。然而目前尚不清楚，转地位点的显著变化——比如花卉资源改变、寄生虫与病原体侵染——会如何影响肠道菌群的动态变化过程。本研究的目标是，剖析印度蜜蜂（*Apis cerana indica*）在本地治里（Puducherry）与泰米尔纳德邦（Tamil Nadu）不同转地位点的肠道微生物组。研究结果显示，菌群的核心细菌组成在不同转地位点间保持一致。尽管存在这一稳定性，但对同一蜂群蜜蜂的菌群进行比较后发现，不同转地位点下的菌群组成存在显著差异。同样，不同转地位点的微生物组之间的相对丰度也存在差异。四大优势菌门依次为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）以及厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）。绝大多数分离菌株隶属于黄单胞菌科（Xanthomonadaceae）、蜂房杆菌科（Orbaceae）、威克斯氏菌科（Weeksellaceae）、双歧杆菌科（Bifidobacteriaceae）、根瘤菌科（Rhizobiaceae）、奈瑟菌科（Neisseriaceae）、乳杆菌科（Lactobacillaceae）、戴阿利斯特菌科（Dysgonomonadaceae）、梭菌科（Clostridiaceae）以及肠球菌科（Enterococcaceae）。不过，研究还鉴定出多种在蜂箱环境中增殖的共生细菌，包括乳杆菌科的孔克乳杆菌（*Lactobacillus kunkeei*）、双歧杆菌科、蜂房杆菌科以及奈瑟菌科的类群，这些细菌被视为有益的肠道定植菌，参与维持健康的肠道菌群稳态。本研究是首份针对地处印度东南沿海的本地治里与泰米尔纳德邦境内蜜蜂肠道菌群的学术报道。
