Dualismo no Campo e Desigualdades Internas na Agricultura Familiar Brasileira

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to identify the characteristic elements of Brazilian agricultural structure and demonstrate the marked inequality present in family farming in the country. For this, research on the bibliography was held on the subject in recent years, as well as a survey of official statistics related to the productive sector profile and the provision of rural credit. Overall, the study shows that there is a remarkable economic and political dualism between family farmers and commercial farmers/agribusiness in constant competition for public funds in Brazil, leading to adoption of generalizing visions guided on statistical averages of census numbers that tend to shift the focus of the prevailing glaring inequalities in the national field. In relation to family farming, despite improvements in the distribution of monetary income recorded in the twenty-first century approaches, there is a significant heterogeneity and productive inequality within the segment, dominated by a vast contingent of poor or extremely poor farmers. On the basis of this framework, often overlooked in analyses that seek to emphasize the virtues of the category of aggregate from the census data, there is a historical heritage of social differentiation, which maintains and worsens over time, due, among other factors, to the recent privileging of the sectors most capitalized segment of the distribution of rural Pronaf credit.摘要：本文旨在明确巴西农业结构的特征要素，并阐明该国家庭农业中存在的显著不平等现象。为此，本研究梳理了近年来该主题的相关文献，并对与农业生产部门概况、农村信贷供给相关的官方统计数据开展了调研。总体而言，研究表明巴西家庭农户与商业农户/农业综合企业之间存在显著的经济与政治二元对立，二者持续争夺公共财政资源；而基于普查数据统计均值形成的泛化认知，往往会转移人们对该国农业领域普遍存在的显著不平等问题的关注焦点。就家庭农业而言，尽管21世纪以来的相关统计显示货币收入分配状况有所改善，但该板块内部仍存在显著的异质性与生产不平等，且绝大多数从业者为贫困或极度贫困农户。在那些试图通过普查数据强调家庭农业整体类别优势的分析中，这一内部差异框架常被忽视；而社会分化的历史遗留问题随时间推移持续存在并不断加剧，除其他因素外，近年来农村家庭农业信贷（Pronaf）的分配向资本实力最强的群体倾斜，进一步恶化了这一局面。