Fluoride release and surface roughness of a new glass ionomer cement: glass carbomer

Abstract Objective This study analyzed the fluoride release/recharge and surface roughness of glass carbomer compared to other encapsulated glass ionomer cements (GICs). Material and method The GICs tested were Glass Fill® (GC-GCP Dental), Riva Self Cure® (RS-SDI), Riva Light Cure® (RL-SDI), Equia Fil® (EF-GC Europe). The composite resin Luna® (LU-SDI) was used as control. Five samples of each material were prepared and kept in a humidifier for 24 hours (37 °C, 100% relative humidity). Fluoride release was measured in two times: before (T1: days 1, 2, 7, 14) and after topical application of fluoride (T2: days 15, 16, 21 and 28). The surface roughness was also measured in both times (T1: days 1 and 14; T2: days 15 and 28). All samples were submitted to a single topical application of acidulated fluoride phosphate (Fluor Care - FGM). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's post-test (p <0.05) were used in the statistical analysis. Result Equia Fil presented the highest fluoride release in both evaluation periods, with a higher release in T1 (p <0.05). The other materials tested, including glass carbomer presented similar release in both periods (T1 and T2). Regarding surface roughness, no significant differences were observed in the interaction between the material × time factors (T1 and T2) (p=0.966). Conclusion The GICs tested presented fluoride release and recharge ability and showed no surface roughness increase by topical application of fluoride.

摘要 目的：本研究旨在对比玻璃卡聚物（glass carbomer）与其他封装型玻璃离子水门汀（glass ionomer cements, GICs）的氟离子释放、氟再补给性能及表面粗糙度。

材料与方法：本研究测试的玻璃离子水门汀包括：Glass Fill®（GC-GCP Dental）、Riva Self Cure®（RS-SDI）、Riva Light Cure®（RL-SDI）及Equia Fil®（EF-GC Europe）；以复合树脂Luna®（LU-SDI）作为阴性对照。每种材料制备5份试样，置于加湿器内养护24小时，环境温度37℃，相对湿度100%。
氟离子释放量分两个阶段检测：局部涂氟前（T1：第1、2、7、14天）与局部涂氟后（T2：第15、16、21、28天）；表面粗糙度亦在对应时间点检测（T1：第1、14天；T2：第15、28天）。所有试样均接受单次酸性氟磷酸盐涂敷处理（Fluor Care - FGM）。统计学分析采用重复测量双因素方差分析与Tukey事后检验，以p<0.05作为显著性差异阈值。

结果：Equia Fil®在两个评估阶段均表现出最高的氟离子释放量，且T1阶段的释放量显著高于其余受试材料（p<0.05）；其余受试材料（包括玻璃卡聚物）在T1与T2阶段的氟释放量无显著差异。
针对表面粗糙度，材料×时间交互因素未观察到显著性差异（p=0.966）。

结论：本研究所测试的玻璃离子水门汀均具备氟离子释放与氟再补给能力，且局部涂氟操作未导致其表面粗糙度升高。