Políticas para agricultura na Amazônia: análise dos convênios celebrados entre a União e os entes subnacionais

The article analyzes the voluntary transfers of resources of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and food supply (MAPA), between 2008 and 2022, through agreements with subnational entities in Amazon Region. The data used were obtained from the Federal Government’s Transferegov platform and content analysis techniques were applied. The study considered theories on voluntary resource transfers, public policy instruments, and governmental changes. The results reveal that, during the period analyzed, the National Congress became the main funder of agreements directed to the Legal Amazon, while the Executive Branch reduced its participation. Furthermore, significant changes were observed in the objectives of the investments. On one hand, there was a decrease in resources destined to the training of farmers, policies for women and quilombolas, and on the other hand, there was an increase in the direction of investments in agricultural machinery. The research concludes that the Brazilian institutional arrangement allows agreements to be used as a way to allocate resources according to political interests. The study advocates a more active role for the Executive as coordinator of the resource distribution process.

本文分析了2008年至2022年间，农业、畜牧与食品供应部（MAPA）通过与亚马逊地区地方实体签署协议开展的自愿性资源转移工作。本次研究的数据取自联邦政府Transferegov平台，并采用了内容分析技术。本研究参考了自愿性资源转移、公共政策工具以及政府变革相关理论。研究结果显示，在本次分析时段内，国民议会已成为面向法定亚马逊地区相关协议的主要出资方，而行政部门的参与度则有所下降。此外，相关投资的目标亦出现了显著变化：一方面，用于农民培训、妇女政策及奎洛姆博拉群体（quilombolas）事务的资源规模有所缩减；另一方面，投向农业机械领域的投资则实现增长。本研究结论表明，巴西的制度安排使得相关协议可被用作依据政治利益分配资源的工具。同时，本研究主张行政部门应在资源分配流程中承担更为积极的协调职能。