Tully constructed wetland – Water quality and hydrological monitoring data from 2023 – 2024 (GBRF WQ-TJ-006, Terrain NRM)

This dataset consists of three Excel files containing multiple worksheets of data from a monitoring period starting in July 2023 and ending in April 2024, along with a set of three technical reports containing the monitoring methodology and findings generated from these datasets. The datasets capture water quality and hydrological data from a constructed wetland in Tully, within the Wet Tropics region of Queensland, Australia. The data were collected as part of a project assessing the wetland’s water treatment potential, specifically, its ability to remove dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and total suspended solids (TSS) from agricultural runoff.The Excel files include groundwater and surface water data from continuous, routine and event-based monitoring, including physicochemical parameters, nitrogen levels, total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), particle size distribution, water velocity, local rainfall, and water heights at various sampling points. Informative one-off measurements include bore slug tests and cross-sectional area assessments of surface water sampling points. This dataset provides valuable insights into the hydrological and chemical characteristics of this wetland, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of its function and performance as treatment systems in a wet tropical environment, over a single wet season.The dataset supplied herein is derived from the Tully-Johnstone Wetland Monitoring Project conducted from July 2023 to March 2024. The primary purpose of the dataset is to assess the efficacy of constructed wetlands in the Wet Tropics region at removing dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and sediment from agricultural runoff. The data were collected to inform the development and validation of wetland models, to better understand the effectiveness of treatment wetlands at a landscape scale. The dataset is available on eAtlas for use by scientists and water quality managers, providing insights into water balance, contaminant removal, and hydrological processes occurring within a constructed wetland.The Tully wetland was constructed in 2019 as part of the Wet Tropics Major Integrated Project (WTMIP) and is known as Landscape Wetland #1 (LW01). This wetland was designed and constructed to optimise natural processes for improving water quality in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchments. Further information on the treatment systems installed and monitored during the WTMIP can be found at https://mip.terrain.org.au/resources/.The 2023-24 monitoring activities, funded by the partnership between the Australian Government’s Reef Trust and the Great Barrier Reef Foundation, built on previous datasets from the WTMIP (2019-2021) and post-WTMIP monitoring (2021-2023), both funded by the Queensland Government, Office of the Great Barrier Reef. Methods:The methods used to gather and process this dataset follow a comprehensive monitoring plan designed according to the available funding. The monitoring plan incorporated recommendations from a multidisciplinary team of scientific partners and was aligned with established guidelines for wetland nitrogen removal monitoring. Data were collected from a constructed wetland in Tully, within the Wet Tropics region of Queensland, Australia. Data were collected from July 2023 to March 2024, including both routine and event-based sampling, focusing on groundwater and surface water quality, precipitation, and groundwater-surface water interactions. A combination of manual grab sampling and automatic ISCO Avalanche autosamplers was employed for surface water monitoring. The autosamplers were triggered by rising water levels, with the capacity to adjust sampling intervals to optimise coverage over the hydrograph during stream flow events. High-frequency surface water level recordings were gathered using Seametrics PT12 pressure and temperature sensors, telemetered continuously to the online platform eagle.io, while manual water velocity measurements were taken with a Swoffer 2100 hand-held current velocity meter. Groundwater monitoring involved monthly grab sampling using a peristaltic pump and the deployment of Troll pressure transducers in boreholes. Additional hydrological insights were gained through slug tests.Samples were analysed in laboratories at Cairns Regional Council and James Cook University (TropWATER), covering parameters like total oxidised nitrogen (NOx), ammonia (NH3-N), Total Nitrogen (TN), Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Particle Size Distribution (PSD). Quality control measures, including the use of field blanks, trip blanks, and replicate samples, were integrated into the project, ensuring data reliability. Data were managed and securely stored on Terrain NRM’s EnviroSys database, allowing for structured and reproducible data analysis.Physicochemical parameters are recorded monthly at the ground and surface water monitoring sites, including recordings during targeted events at the surface water sites, using a handheld ProDSS multi-meter to measure Temperature, DO, pH, turbidity, and EC. Logger data for electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature were collected using in situ loggers deployed at each of the wetland’s surface water sampling points. Detailed information about the methods is available in the PDF document ‘Technical Report_GBRF_TJ Wetlands Monitoring Project_October 2024’ which has been included in this submission.Limitations of the data:The dataset generated during the GBRF Tully-Johnstone Wetland Monitoring Project, collected from the Tully Wetland between July 2023 and March 2024, has a number of limitations that users should consider avoiding misinterpretation.Autosampler refrigeration issues occurred during the extreme flooding associated with ex-Tropical Cyclone Jasper in December 2023. This led to a loss of data for dissolved nitrogen forms during a critical four-day period of early wet-season high-flow events, which prevents a full quantification of the wetland's nitrogen treatment efficacy for the season. Additionally, flooding during this period also impacted our ability to accurately quantify discharge volumes. Users should therefore be cautious in drawing conclusions about wetland performance during this first flush period.Another limitation arises from the sampling and analysis of total suspended solids (TSS) and particle size distribution (PSD). Several sediment samples could not be analysed due to the laboratory being closed during the Christmas-New Year period, meaning sample holding times could not be met and samples were not submitted to the laboratory. Additionally, a courier error resulted in the warm arrival of another batch of samples, rendering them unusable. The relatively low TSS concentrations observed overall, limited the number of samples which could be analysed for PSD. This reduced the number of sediment samples analysed, compared to nitrogen samples, which may limit interpretations of sediment transport and dynamics over a full wet season. High-frequency logger data was generally continuous and accurate, except for a few interruptions. A bore sensor at the Tully wetland was knocked out of place by cows, and transducer issues at the inlets during high-flow events caused some data gaps. While these issues only affected a small portion of the overall dataset, users should note these gaps, or apply corrections, when analysing the data.Finally, manual velocity measurements were taken at multiple surface water sections, but due to site-specific challenges like crocodile exposure, not all sections could be measured consistently. This affects the overall accuracy of flow estimates.While the dataset greatly increases our knowledge of wetland treatment efficacy, it represents one, atypically wet 9-month period, and should not be used to draw definitive conclusions about nutrient and sediment removal efficacy across varying conditions. Future work should address these gaps through multi-year datasets, further instrumentation, and more refined modelling methods.These limitations underscore the importance of multi-year datasets to compensate for inevitable data loss in extreme environments. Despite these challenges, the dataset provides a valuable and high-resolution record of the wetland’s hydrological and chemical characteristics, although care should be taken in interpreting data from affected periods.Detailed information about the data limitations is available in the PDF document ‘Technical Report_GBRF_TJ Wetlands Monitoring Project_October 2024’ which has been included in this submission.Format of the data:This dataset consists of three Excel files and three PDF documents. The description of each is provided below:1.    Excel files: •    LW01 Data_WQ-TJ-006_September 2024Excel file containing multiple spreadsheets from a monitoring period starting in July 2023 and ending in March 2024. The datasets capture water quality and hydrological data from a wetland in Tully, within the Wet Tropics region of Queensland, Australia. The Excel spreadsheets include groundwater and surface water data from routine and event-based monitoring, covering physicochemical parameters, nitrogen levels, total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), particle size distribution, water velocity, local rainfall, and water heights at various sampling points. Informative one-off measurements include bore slug tests, and cross-sectional area assessments of surface water sampling points. •    LW01_EC-DO-T_Loggers_NW-TropWater.xlsxFile prepared by Nathan Waltham, TropWater, containing logger data for electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature (T) collected from the wetland’s three surface water monitoring sites. •    LW01 PSA results_NW-TropWATER.xlsx File prepared by Nathan Waltham, TropWater, containing particle size analysis (PSA) results, including sediment particle size distributions from sediment samples taken at the three surface water monitoring locations.2.    PDF files: •    Technical Report_GBRF_TJ Wetlands Monitoring Project_October 2024Technical report document ‘Assessing two Wet Tropics constructed wetlands for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and sediment removal efficacy’. The report summarises the monitoring methodologies and findings from the Tully-Johnstone Wetland Monitoring Project. •    Tully Landscape wetland water balance model_02062024_.pdfThis report was prepared by Jim Wallace, TropWater, and provides a detailed analysis of the water balance model applied to the Tully LW01 wetland, using depth measurements and daily weather data to estimate inflows and outflows. The report includes data on surface water, groundwater interactions, and residence time, offering insights into the wetland's water retention and its potential role in nutrient and sediment removal. •    Report LW_MFAdame.pdfThis report was prepared by Fernanda Adame, Griffith University, and evaluates the ongoing efficiency of nitrogen removal in the LW01 wetland, part of the Wet Tropics Major Integrated Project. The report analyses nitrogen and sediment removal, particularly focusing on nitrate reduction and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) balances.Data dictionary:available within excel spreadsheetseAtlas Processing:The original data were provided as excel and pdf files. Data files were checked for completeness. No modifications to the underlying data were performed and the data package are provided as submitted. Permission to make the reports publicly available was received from the authors of all of the reports. Location of the data:This dataset is filed in the eAtlas enduring data repository at: data\\custodian\2020-2029-other\QLD_TNRM_Tully-Constructed-Wetland_2023-2024

本数据集包含3个Excel文件，涵盖2023年7月至2024年4月监测周期内的多工作表数据；同时附带3份技术报告，阐述基于本数据集生成的监测方法与研究结果。本数据集采集了澳大利亚昆士兰州湿热带地区塔利（Tully）区域一处人工湿地的水质与水文数据。

本数据隶属于一项评估该湿地水处理潜力的研究项目，重点考察其从农业径流中去除溶解态无机氮（Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, DIN）与总悬浮固体（Total Suspended Solids, TSS）的能力。Excel文件包含连续监测、常规监测与事件触发监测下的地下水与地表水数据，涵盖理化参数、氮素浓度、总悬浮固体（TSS）、挥发性悬浮固体（Volatile Suspended Solids, VSS）、粒径分布、水流流速、区域降雨量及各采样点水位等指标。补充性单次测量内容包括钻孔段塞试验与地表水采样点横断面面积评估。

本数据集可为该湿地的水文与化学特征提供宝贵参考，助力全面评估其在湿润热带环境中作为水处理系统的功能与运行效果，监测周期覆盖单个湿季。

本数据集源自2023年7月至2024年3月实施的塔利-约翰斯通湿地监测项目（Tully-Johnstone Wetland Monitoring Project），核心目标为评估湿热带区域人工湿地从农业径流中去除溶解态无机氮（DIN）与沉积物的效能。数据采集工作用于支撑湿地模型的开发与验证，以更好地理解景观尺度下人工湿地的处理效果。本数据集已上传至eAtlas平台，可供科研人员与水质管理者使用，可为人工湿地内的水量平衡、污染物去除及水文过程研究提供参考。

该塔利湿地于2019年作为湿热带重大综合项目（Wet Tropics Major Integrated Project, WTMIP）的一部分建成，编号为景观湿地1号（Landscape Wetland #1, LW01）。本湿地通过优化自然过程设计建造，旨在改善大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef, GBR）流域的水质。WTMIP项目中安装并监测的水处理系统的更多信息可访问：https://mip.terrain.org.au/resources/。

2023-2024年度的监测工作由澳大利亚政府珊瑚礁信托基金与大堡礁基金会联合资助，其数据基础为WTMIP项目（2019-2021年）及WTMIP后期监测（2021-2023年）的数据集，后两项监测均由昆士兰州政府大堡礁办公室资助。

### 监测方法
本数据集的采集与处理流程遵循基于可用经费制定的综合监测方案。该方案整合了多学科科研合作团队的建议，并符合已发布的湿地脱氮监测规范。数据采集工作于2023年7月至2024年3月在澳大利亚昆士兰州湿热带区域的塔利人工湿地开展，涵盖常规采样与事件触发采样，重点关注地下水与地表水水质、降水情况及地下水-地表水交互过程。
地表水监测采用手动瞬时采样与自动ISCO Avalanche采样器结合的方式：自动采样器由水位上涨触发，可调整采样间隔以优化洪水事件过程中水文过程线的采样覆盖度。高频地表水水位数据通过Seametrics PT12压力与温度传感器采集，并持续遥传至eagle.io在线平台；手动水流流速测量则使用Swoffer 2100手持式流速仪完成。
地下水监测包括每月使用蠕动泵进行的瞬时采样，以及在钻孔中部署Troll压力传感器。通过段塞试验可获取额外的水文相关信息。

样本在凯恩斯区域议会实验室与詹姆斯库克大学热带水研究中心（TropWATER）进行分析，检测指标包括总氧化氮（NOx）、氨氮（Ammonia, NH3-N）、总氮（Total Nitrogen, TN）、溶解态无机氮（DIN）、总悬浮固体（TSS）及粒径分布（Particle Size Distribution, PSD）。本项目纳入了野外空白样、运输空白样与平行样等质量控制措施，以保障数据可靠性。数据由Terrain NRM的EnviroSys数据库进行管理与安全存储，支持结构化且可复现的数据分析工作。

理化参数每月在地下水与地表水监测点进行记录，地表水监测点的靶向事件监测中，使用手持式ProDSS多参数水质仪测量水温、溶解氧（Dissolved Oxygen, DO）、pH值、浊度与电导率（Electrical Conductivity, EC）。湿地各地表水采样点部署的原位记录仪可采集电导率、溶解氧与水温的记录仪数据。本监测方法的详细信息可参阅随提交材料一并提供的PDF文档"Technical Report_GBRF_TJ Wetlands Monitoring Project_October 2024"。

### 数据局限性
本数据集源自大堡礁基金会塔利-约翰斯通湿地监测项目，采集周期为2023年7月至2024年3月，存在若干局限性，使用者需加以注意以避免误读。

2023年12月，受前热带气旋贾斯珀引发的极端洪水影响，自动采样器的制冷系统出现故障，导致湿季早期高流量事件关键4天内的溶解态氮相关数据丢失，无法完整量化本湿地该湿季的脱氮效能。同时，此次洪水也影响了径流流量的准确量化。因此，使用者在针对该初始冲刷期的湿地运行效果得出结论时需格外谨慎。

总悬浮固体（TSS）与粒径分布（PSD）的采样与分析存在另一项局限性：圣诞至新年假期期间实验室闭馆，部分沉积物样本无法按时送检，导致样本保存时限超标，无法送至实验室分析；此外，一批样本因快递运输途中升温而失效。整体观测到的TSS浓度偏低，也限制了可用于粒径分布分析的样本数量。相较于氮素样本，沉积物样本的分析量有所减少，这可能限制了对完整湿季内泥沙输运与动态变化的解读。

高频记录仪数据整体连续且准确，仅存在少量中断情况：塔利湿地的一处钻孔传感器因牲畜碰撞移位，入水口处的传感器在高流量事件中出现故障，导致部分数据缺失。尽管这些问题仅影响了整体数据集的一小部分，使用者在分析数据时仍需留意此类数据缺口，或进行校正处理。

最后，虽在多个地表水断面开展了手动流速测量，但受鳄鱼威胁等场地特定限制因素影响，并非所有断面均可进行连续测量，这影响了径流流量估算的整体准确性。

尽管本数据集极大地提升了我们对湿地处理效能的认知，但监测周期仅为9个月且为异常湿润的时段，不应仅凭此得出不同条件下营养盐与沉积物去除效能的确定性结论。未来研究应通过多年期数据集、升级监测设备及更精细的建模方法来弥补这些局限。

上述局限性凸显了多年期数据集的重要性，可弥补极端环境下不可避免的数据丢失问题。尽管存在诸多挑战，本数据集仍为该湿地的水文与化学特征提供了宝贵的高分辨率记录，但在解读受影响时段的数据时仍需谨慎。数据局限性的详细信息可参阅随提交材料一并提供的PDF文档"Technical Report_GBRF_TJ Wetlands Monitoring Project_October 2024"。

### 数据格式
本数据集包含3个Excel文件与3个PDF文档，各文件详情如下：
1. Excel文件
• **LW01 Data_WQ-TJ-006_September 2024**
该Excel文件包含2023年7月至2024年3月监测周期内的多工作表数据，涵盖澳大利亚昆士兰州湿热带区域塔利湿地的水质与水文数据。工作表内容包括常规与事件触发监测下的地下水与地表水数据，涉及理化参数、氮素浓度、总悬浮固体（TSS）、挥发性悬浮固体（VSS）、粒径分布、水流流速、区域降雨量及各采样点水位等指标。补充性单次测量内容包括钻孔段塞试验与地表水采样点横断面面积评估。
• **LW01_EC-DO-T_Loggers_NW-TropWater.xlsx**
由TropWATER的Nathan Waltham编制，包含湿地3个地表水监测点采集的电导率（Electrical Conductivity, EC）、溶解氧（DO）与水温（T）的记录仪数据。
• **LW01 PSA results_NW-TropWATER.xlsx**
由TropWATER的Nathan Waltham编制，包含粒径分析（Particle Size Analysis, PSA）结果，即3个地表水采样点采集的沉积物样本的粒径分布数据。

2. PDF文档
• **Technical Report_GBRF_TJ Wetlands Monitoring Project_October 2024**
技术报告"Assessing two Wet Tropics constructed wetlands for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and sediment removal efficacy"，总结了塔利-约翰斯通湿地监测项目的监测方法与研究结果。
• **Tully Landscape wetland water balance model_02062024_.pdf**
由TropWATER的Jim Wallace编制，针对塔利LW01湿地的水量平衡模型开展详细分析，通过水位测量与每日气象数据估算入流与出流。报告包含地表水、地下水交互及停留时间相关数据，可为湿地的水滞留能力及其在营养盐与沉积物去除中的潜在作用提供参考。
• **Report LW_MFAdame.pdf**
由格里菲斯大学的Fernanda Adame编制，评估了湿热带重大综合项目下属LW01湿地的持续脱氮效能。报告分析了氮素与沉积物去除情况，重点关注硝酸盐还原与溶解态无机氮（DIN）平衡。

### 数据字典
数据字典包含于各Excel工作表中。

### eAtlas数据处理流程
原始数据以Excel与PDF文件形式提交。已对数据文件进行完整性检查，未对原始数据进行任何修改，数据包将按提交版本提供。已获得所有报告作者的公开授权。

### 数据存储位置
本数据集存储于eAtlas永久数据仓库中，存储路径为：data\custodian\2020-2029-other\QLD_TNRM_Tully-Constructed-Wetland_2023-2024