Peromyscus maniculatus (North American deer mouse) and Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse). Raw sequence reads. Deer mouse (Peromyscus sp.)

Raw sequences reads from the paper entitled "Maladaptive phenotypic plasticity in cardiac muscle growth is suppressed in high-altitude deer mice." Jonathan P. Velotta et al. Journal Evolution. In this study we examined the role of phenotypic plasticity in evolutionary divergence between two species of Peromyscus mice that differ in native elevations. We used cardiac mass as a model phenotype, since ancestral hypoxia-induced responses of the heart may be both adaptive and maladaptive at high-altitude. While left ventricle growth should enhance oxygen delivery to tissues, hypertrophy of the right ventricle can lead to heart failure and death. We compared left- and right-ventricle plasticity in response to hypoxia between captive-bred P. leucopus (representing the ancestral lowland condition) and P. maniculatus from high-altitude. We found that maladaptive ancestral plasticity in right ventricle hypertrophy is reduced in high-altitude deer mice. Analysis of the left and right ventricle transcriptomes suggests that changes in expression of inflammatory signaling genes, particularly interferon regulatory factors, contribute to the suppression of right ventricle hypertrophy. We found weak evidence that adaptive plasticity of left ventricle mass contributes to evolution. Our results suggest that selection to suppress ancestral maladaptive plasticity plays a role in adaptation.

本数据集包含发表于国际进化生物学期刊《进化》（Evolution）的论文《高原鹿鼠心肌生长的适应不良表型可塑性受抑制》配套的原始测序读段，论文作者为Jonathan P. Velotta等人。本研究针对本土海拔分布存在差异的两种鹿鼠属（Peromyscus）物种，探究表型可塑性（phenotypic plasticity）在进化分化中的作用。本研究选取心脏重量作为模式表型，因为心脏的祖先低氧（hypoxia）应答反应在高海拔环境中可能同时兼具适应性与适应不良效应：左心室增厚可提升组织氧供能力，而右心室肥大（ventricular hypertrophy）则可能诱发心力衰竭乃至死亡。我们对圈养繁殖的白斑鹿鼠（Peromyscus leucopus，缩写P. leucopus，代表祖先低地种群）与高海拔曼氏鹿鼠（Peromyscus maniculatus，缩写P. maniculatus）的左、右心室对低氧响应的表型可塑性进行了比较。研究发现，高海拔鹿鼠中原本具有适应不良效应的右心室肥大祖先可塑性得到了有效抑制。对左右心室转录组（transcriptome）的分析显示，炎症信号通路（inflammatory signaling pathway）相关基因的表达变化，尤其是干扰素调节因子（interferon regulatory factors）的表达改变，参与了右心室肥大的抑制过程。本研究仅获得微弱证据，支持左心室重量的适应性可塑性参与了物种进化过程。综上结果表明，针对祖先适应不良可塑性的选择压在物种的适应性进化过程中发挥了关键作用。