DataSheet_1_Utilization of the Winkler scale of plants using big data temperature presented by the Korea Meteorological Administration.docx

IntroductionRice is an important food source that can provide a stable supply of calories for most people around the world. However, owing to the recent rapid temperature rise, we are facing social issues related to the increase in the Winkler scale. In this study, a strategy for screening potential candidate genes related to the yield according to the Winkler scale is presented, and the possibility of using a candidate gene identified through sequence haplotype and homology analysis as a breeding source is suggested.
MethodsQTL for the Winkler scale was identified using a population of 120 double haploids derived from a cross between Cheongchoneg, Indica, and Nagdong, Japonica.
Results and discussionA total of 79 candidate genes were detected in the identified QTL region, and OsHAq8 was finally screened. Through haplotype analysis, OsHAq8 was derived from the Indica group and orthologous to Graminae’s activator of Hsp90 ATPase, suggesting that it is a candidate gene involved in yield according to temperature during the growing period. The expression level of OsHAq8 increased as the Winkler scale increased. The findings of this study can serve as a crucial indicator for predicting harvest time and grain quality while achieving a stable yield through marker selection and adaptation to climate change. Climate change occurs more frequently. In these situations, it is very important to predict harvest time and apply relevant candidate genes to breeding. The candidate genes presented in this study can be effectively applied to rice breeding in preparation for climate change.

【引言】水稻是全球多数人口赖以获取稳定热量供给的重要粮食作物。然而，受近期全球气温快速攀升影响，人类正面临与温克尔等级（Winkler scale）升高相关的一系列社会问题。本研究提出了一套基于温克尔等级筛选产量相关潜在候选基因的策略，并提出通过序列单倍型与同源性分析获得的候选基因可作为育种种质的可行性。
【方法】本研究以籼稻品种Cheongchoneg与粳稻品种Nagdong杂交获得的120株双单倍体（double haploids）群体为材料，对与温克尔等级相关的数量性状基因座（QTL）进行定位。
【结果与讨论】本研究共在定位得到的QTL区域内检测到79个候选基因，最终筛选出OsHAq8。通过单倍型分析可知，OsHAq8源自籼稻群体，且与禾本科（Graminae）的热休克蛋白90 ATP酶（Hsp90 ATPase）激活剂存在直系同源关系，表明其为调控生育期温度响应相关产量的候选基因。OsHAq8的表达水平随温克尔等级升高而上调。本研究结果可为通过标记选择与气候变化适应策略实现稳产的同时，精准预测收获期与籽粒品质提供关键参考依据。当前气候变化发生频率显著提升，在此背景下，准确预判收获期并将相关候选基因应用于育种工作极为关键。本研究提出的候选基因可有效应用于应对气候变化的水稻育种实践中。