Summary of marine climate data.

To gain a scientific understanding of the cross-system impact of coastal zones and promote the sustainable development and protection of coastal areas, we constructed a spatial benefit evaluation system that encompassed both terrestrial and marine systems, focusing on the ecological, economic, and social dimensions. We employed the entropy method, moving average method, and Mann-Kendall trend test to quantitatively characterize the spatial benefits of the coastal zone in Fujian Province, China, and the evolution of the marine climate from 2005 to 2020. Building on this, the grey relational analysis method was applied to investigate the correlation between spatial benefits and marine climate and to explore the trends and magnitude of the impact of marine climate on spatial benefits. During the study period, the spatial benefits of the coastal zone in Fujian Province exhibited a fluctuating pattern of an initial increase followed by a decrease, with spatial benefits varying among cities. The role of the economic system in enhancing spatial benefits was not considerable. Changes in the marine climate aligned with the global warming trend, with the most considerable changes observed in sea level and tropical cyclone frequency and intensity, which are sensitive to human activities. There was a high degree of correlation between coastal zone spatial benefits and marine climate, with seawater salinity being most closely related to spatial benefits, while tropical cyclones showed the weakest correlation. The results of this study support sustainable development efforts in coastal zones.为科学认知海岸带跨系统影响，推动沿海地区可持续发展与保护，本研究构建了涵盖陆地与海洋系统的空间效益评价体系，聚焦生态、经济与社会三个维度。研究采用熵权法（entropy method）、移动平均法（moving average method）与Mann-Kendall趋势检验（Mann-Kendall trend test），对中国福建省2005年至2020年的海岸带空间效益及海洋气候演变进行定量表征。在此基础上，本研究运用灰色关联分析法（grey relational analysis method）探究空间效益与海洋气候的关联关系，剖析海洋气候对空间效益的影响趋势与作用强度。研究期内，福建省海岸带空间效益呈现先升后降的波动态势，且各城市间空间效益存在显著差异；经济系统对提升空间效益的作用并不显著。海洋气候变化趋势契合全球变暖态势，其中海平面变化与热带气旋的频率、强度变化最为显著，且二者均对人类活动较为敏感。海岸带空间效益与海洋气候存在高度相关性，其中海水盐度与空间效益的关联程度最高，而热带气旋的相关性最弱。本研究成果可为海岸带可持续发展工作提供支撑。