Surface treatment of implants: primary stability

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the primary stability of dental implants with and without surface treatment, by means of resonance frequency, using different materials as substitutes for human bone substrates for insertion. METHODS: Sixteen external hexagon, cylindrical Conexão(r) titanium implants were used, 11.5 mm long by 3.75 mm wide, as follows: 8 Master Porous (MP), with surface treatment and 8 Master Screw (MS) machined. The implant placement was performed on the following substrates: pork rib bone, wood, artificial bone polyurethane National(r) (40, 20, 15 PCF) and Synbone(r). Primary stability was assessed via resonance frequency using an Osstell Mentor(tm) device. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey's test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: It was found that although MP and MS have a higher value on all substrates, these were not statistically different between groups (p>0.05), except for polyurethane National(r) 20 PCF. When inserted into the wood substrate and polyurethane National(r) 40 PCF, MP and MS had higher values. MP, when inserted into the pig bone, was also statistically equal to these interactions. CONCLUSION: Despite the continuous development of innovations in the characteristics of implant surfaces to assist with the performance of osseointegrated implants, and the fact that our study has found that the surface treatment had no impact on the primary stability checked using ressonance frequency, there is still very little scientific understanding of these effects.研究目的：本研究旨在以不同材料作为人体骨替代基质，通过共振频率（resonance frequency）分析法，对比分析经表面处理与未经表面处理的牙科种植体的初始稳定性。 研究方法：本研究共使用16枚外六角圆柱形康塞昂（Conexão(r)）钛种植体，规格为11.5mm长、3.75mm宽，分为两组：8枚为多孔型（Master Porous，MP）种植体，带有表面处理；另8枚为机加工型（Master Screw，MS）种植体，仅经机加工处理。种植体植入以下替代基质：猪肋骨骨、木材、国家牌（National(r)）聚氨酯人工骨（40、20、15 PCF）以及赛邦（Synbone(r)）人工骨。采用奥司泰尔 Mentor(tm) 装置，通过共振频率法评估种植体初始稳定性。数据采用方差分析（ANOVA）与图基检验（Tukey's test）进行统计学分析，显著性水平设定为5%。 研究结果：结果显示，尽管MP组与MS组在所有替代基质中均呈现更高的共振频率值，但两组间差异无统计学意义（p>0.05），仅在国家牌聚氨酯人工骨20 PCF组中除外。当种植体植入木材基质与国家牌聚氨酯人工骨40 PCF组时，MP与MS组的共振频率值均更高。当MP种植体植入猪骨基质时，其检测结果与上述两组交互作用的结果亦无统计学差异。 研究结论：尽管种植体表面特性相关的创新技术持续发展，旨在提升骨整合（osseointegration）种植体的临床性能，且本研究发现通过共振频率法检测的表面处理对种植体初始稳定性无显著影响，但目前科学界对该类效应的认知仍极为有限。