Challenges and Limitations in Implementing University Autonomy Policy in Vietnam

The data were collected through a structured questionnaire comprising seven groups of independent variables and one dependent variable:
(1) Group 1: Institutional and Policy Factors (coded as IV_IP_1 – IV_IP_5)
(2) Group 2: University Governance Model (coded as IV_GM_1 – IV_GM_5)
(3) Group 3: Financial Capacity and Resource Allocation (coded as IV_FR_1 – IV_FR_5)
(4) Group 4: Human Factors (coded as IV_HF_1 – IV_HF_5)
(5) Group 5: Organizational Culture and Social Perceptions (coded as IV_OC_1 – IV_OC_5)
(6) Group 6: Quality Assurance and Evaluation (coded as IV_QA_1 – IV_QA_5)
(7) Group 7: Inequality Among Institutions (coded as IV_IN_1 – IV_IN_5)
(8) Dependent Variable: Effectiveness of University Autonomy Implementation (coded as DV_EI_1 – DV_EI_6)
All questionnaire items were measured using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Prior to official deployment, the questionnaire was reviewed and revised with expert consultation and pre-tested for clarity and validity.
The research targets university administrators, faculty members, and professional staff currently working at public higher education institutions in Vietnam—individuals either directly or indirectly involved in the implementation of university autonomy policies. To enhance representativeness and diversity, stratified sampling was applied based on three key criteria: (1) geographical region (North – Central – South), (2) institutional size (large – medium – small), and (3) respondent role (administration – teaching – support services).
A total of 721 questionnaires were distributed, and 583 valid responses were collected, yielding a response rate of 80.9%. Among the respondents, 371 were male (63.6%), and the rest were female. Notably, all participants held at least a Master’s degree, ensuring qualified and informed input on complex higher education policy issues.

本数据集的数据采集自一份结构化问卷（structured questionnaire），问卷包含7组自变量（independent variables）与1组因变量（dependent variable）：
(1) 第1组：制度与政策因素（编码为IV_IP_1 – IV_IP_5）
(2) 第2组：大学治理模式（编码为IV_GM_1 – IV_GM_5）
(3) 第3组：财务能力与资源配置（编码为IV_FR_1 – IV_FR_5）
(4) 第4组：人力因素（编码为IV_HF_1 – IV_HF_5）
(5) 第5组：组织文化与社会认知（编码为IV_OC_1 – IV_OC_5）
(6) 第6组：质量保障与评估（编码为IV_QA_1 – IV_QA_5）
(7) 第7组：院校间不平等（编码为IV_IN_1 – IV_IN_5）
(8) 因变量：高校自治实施成效（Effectiveness of University Autonomy Implementation），编码为DV_EI_1 – DV_EI_6

所有问卷条目均采用5级李克特量表（5-point Likert scale）进行测量，其中1代表完全不同意，5代表完全同意。正式发放前，该问卷经专家咨询评审与修订，并开展预测试以验证其清晰度与有效性。

本研究的调研对象为越南公立高等教育机构现任行政管理人员、教职人员与专业职员——即直接或间接参与高校自治政策落地的相关人员。为提升样本的代表性与多样性，研究基于三大核心标准开展分层抽样（stratified sampling）：(1) 地理区域（北部-中部-南部）；(2) 院校规模（大型-中型-小型）；(3) 受访者角色（行政管理岗位-教学岗位-后勤服务岗位）。

本次调研共发放问卷721份，回收有效问卷583份，有效回收率为80.9%。受访者中男性371名，占比63.6%，剩余为女性。值得注意的是，所有参与者均持有硕士及以上学位，可为复杂高等教育政策议题提供专业且充分的反馈。