Doppiaggio in italiano del film 'Asterix et Obelix - Au service de Sa Majeste'. Trasposizione degli elementi culturali e umoristici

At present, audiovisual translation is one of the most interesting and stimulating domains within the field of Translation Studies. Resting on a rich semiotic apparatus, marked by the interplay of a double channel of communication audio/visual with different types of signs verbal/non-verbal codes, the audiovisual text is a complex one, whose transfer from one language into another represents a challenging task for every professional in this field. Especially in dubbing, the translator/adapter has to work on the interlinguistic level as well as on the intersemiotic level (iconic, paralinguistic elements, etc.): as many codes having great semantic potential and transmitting useful cultural information, as we shall see in the film which we have taken as the object of our analyses: Asterix et Obelix: Au Service de Sa Majeste (2012). This fourth film adaptation (except cartoons) of Asterix's adventures offers a series of gags playing on the parody of typical traditions, symbols, linguistic cliches and cultural stereotypes associated with British culture. Italian dubbing resorts to different translation strategies, some of which come under a foreignizing approach, aiming at preserving the original's colour and mood, whereas others are in line with a domesticating approach, in order to bring the product closer to the final audience. Indeed, instead of stressing the idea of a polarization or a dichotomy between two contrasting perspectives, we find it advisable to envisage a gradation between two instances which occur at the same time and coexist in a complementary way during the translation process.

当前，视听翻译（audiovisual translation）是翻译研究（Translation Studies）领域中最具趣味性与启发性的分支之一。视听文本依托于丰富的符号学体系（semiotic apparatus），兼具听觉与视觉双重交流通道，融合语言与非语言等多类符号，本身具有高度复杂性，将其从一种语言转译为另一种语言，对该领域的每位从业者而言都是极具挑战性的工作。尤其是在译制配音（dubbing）场景中，译者/改编者需要同时兼顾语际层面（interlinguistic level）与符际层面（intersemiotic level，如图像性（iconic）元素、副语言（paralinguistic）要素等）：诸多符号承载着丰富的语义潜力与文化信息，正如我们将以本次分析对象——《阿斯泰里克斯与欧拜力克斯：效忠国王》（Asterix et Obelix: Au Service de Sa Majeste，2012）——为例展开的研究所呈现的那样。这部改编自《阿斯泰里克斯历险记》的第四部真人电影（动画版除外），通过戏仿英国文化相关的典型传统、符号、语言陈套与文化刻板印象，打造了一系列笑点。该片的意大利译制配音采用了多样化的翻译策略：部分策略遵循异化翻译法（foreignizing approach），旨在保留原作的风格与韵味；另有部分策略契合归化翻译法（domesticating approach），以拉近译制作品与目标受众的距离。事实上，我们认为不应强调两种对立视角间的极化对立或二分割裂，而应将翻译过程中同时存在、且以互补方式共存的两种路径视为一种层级过渡的关系。