Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-8.0)

This dataset by the Electoral Integrity Project evaluates the quality of elections held around the world. Based on a rolling survey collecting the views of election experts, this research provides independent and reliable evidence to compare whether countries meet international standards of electoral integrity. PEI-8.0 cumulative release covers 480 national parliamentary and presidential contests held worldwide in 169 countries from 1 July 2012 to 31 December 2021. For each contest, approximately 40 election experts receive an electronic invitation to fill the survey. The survey includes assessments from 4,591 election experts, with a mean response rate of 23%. The study collects 49 indicators to compare elections. These indicators are clustered to evaluate eleven stages in the electoral cycle as well as generating an overall summary Perception of Electoral Integrity (PEI) 100-point index and comparative ranking. The datasets are available for analysis at three levels: COUNTRY-level (169 observations); ELECTION-level (479 observations), and also EXPERT-level (4,590 observations). Each dataset can be downloaded in STATA, CSV, and EXCEL formats.

本数据集由选举诚信项目（Electoral Integrity Project）打造，旨在评估全球范围内各类选举的质量。本研究依托持续开展的专家调研收集选举专家意见，可为判断各国是否符合选举诚信的国际标准提供独立且可靠的对比依据。本次发布的PEI 8.0累积版覆盖了2012年7月1日至2021年12月31日期间，全球169个国家的480场全国议会及总统选举。针对每场选举，项目组会向约40名选举专家发送电子调研邀请。本次调研共回收4591份选举专家的评估问卷，平均回收率为23%。本研究共设置49项选举评估指标，通过聚类分析对选举周期内的11个阶段进行评估，同时生成总括性的选举诚信感知（Perception of Electoral Integrity, PEI）百分制指数及各国排名。本数据集提供三个层级的分析版本：国家层级（共169条观测数据）、选举层级（共479条观测数据）以及专家层级（共4590条观测数据）。所有数据集均支持以STATA、CSV及EXCEL格式下载使用。